Edmonton - Edmonton (English spelling)

Japanese: エドモントン - えどもんとん(英語表記)Edmonton
Edmonton - Edmonton (English spelling)

The capital of the province of Alberta, Canada, located in the center of the province. It is the largest city in the province, with a population of 666,104 and a metropolitan population of 937,845 (2001). An international airport is located 28 km south of the city. It is the center of agriculture, livestock, coal, and especially the oil industry in the oil fields that produce more than 60% of Canada's oil. It has seen remarkable development in recent years and a rapid population increase. The metropolitan population in 1951 was about 190,000, so the rate of increase is remarkable. The city occupies both banks of the North Saskatchewan River, and is a key rail and air route point in northwestern Canada, and is also important as a distribution center for goods to the surrounding rural areas. Oil refineries and petrochemical plants are concentrated here, and when the large oil refinery was completed in 1975, it had three-quarters of the refining capacity of Alberta and nearly half of the capacity of western Canada. However, the proportion of people working in manufacturing is low, below the average among major Canadian cities. Since the 1960s, the state has boomed with the discovery of tar sands in the north, and pipelines have been built to transport oil to Toronto and Montreal in the east and Vancouver in the west.

Edmonton was founded in 1795 as a fur trading post for the Hudson's Bay Company, about 32 kilometers downstream on the North Saskatchewan River from its current location. In 1947, the Empirical Oil Company discovered oil in the Leduc region south of the city, and the city has developed rapidly since then. The city retains an English atmosphere, and the city parks in particular are well maintained, with both sides of the North Saskatchewan River serving as green spaces for citizens to relax. The city is home to the University of Alberta and is a center for northern region research.

[Shuji Yamashita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

カナダ、アルバータ州中部にある同州の州都。人口66万6104、大都市圏人口93万7845(2001)で、同州最大の都市。市南方28キロメートルに国際空港がある。農牧業、石炭業、とくにカナダの60%以上を産出する油田地帯の石油工業中心地で、近年の発達は目覚ましく、人口も急増している。1951年の大都市圏人口は約19万であったから、その増加率は著しい。市街はノース・サスカチェワン川の両岸を占め、カナダ北西部の鉄道、空路の要衝で、周辺農村地域への物資の集散地としても重要。石油精製工場や石油化学工場が集中し、75年大精油工場が完成するに及んで、アルバータ州の4分の3、カナダ西部の半分近くの精油能力を有している。しかし、製造業従事者の割合は少なく、カナダの大都市のなかでは平均以下である。60年代以降、州北部のタールサンドの発見で活気をよび、パイプラインが集結し、東部のトロントやモントリオール、西部のバンクーバーへ石油が送られている。

 エドモントンは1795年、ハドソン湾会社の毛皮取引所として、現在よりノース・サスカチェワン川の下流約32キロメートルの地点に建設された。1947年にエムピリアル石油会社が市の南方レダック地域で石油を発見し、以後急速に発展した。市街はイギリス風の雰囲気を残しており、とくに都市公園はよく整備され、ノース・サスカチェワン川両岸は緑地公園として市民の憩いの場とされている。アルバータ大学があり、北方圏研究の中心となっている。

[山下脩二]

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