Fukuoka Domain

A clan whose head office was located in Fukuoka (Fukuoka City), Naka District, Chikuzen Province. Also known as the Chikuzen Domain. The clan lord was the Kuroda clan. Tozama (outsider). After Toyotomi Hideyoshi conquered Kyushu, Kobayakawa Takakage was given the whole of Chikuzen Province, two districts in Chikugo, and two districts in Hizen, and was placed in Najima, Kasuya District. In 1600 (Keicho 5), the Kobayakawa clan moved to Okayama, Bizen Province, due to their military achievements in the Battle of Sekigahara, and later Kuroda Nagamasa of Nakatsu, Buzen Province, was given the whole of Chikuzen Province, excluding part of Ito District, and moved to Najima. The following year, he built a castle in Fukuoka and moved there. After Nagamasa's death in 1623 (Genwa 9), the two branch domains of Akizuki and Torenji (later Nogata) were divided into two fiefs. Torenji Domain was abolished in 1677 (Enpo 5), but Akizuki Domain continued to exist until the abolition of domains and establishment of prefectures. After the abolition of Torenji Domain, the fiefdom had a land area of ​​473,000 koku (Akizuki Domain had a land area of ​​50,000 koku). In 1688 (Genroku 1), 50,000 koku of new rice fields were allocated to Nogata Domain and it was established again, but it was abolished in 1720 (Kyoho 5). Nagamasa was succeeded by 12 generations of Tadayuki, Mitsuyuki, Tsunamasa, Nobumasa, Tsugutaka, Haruyuki, Harutaka, Naritaka, Narikiyo, Nagahiro, and Nagatomo. In 1632 (Kan'ei 9), during Tadayuki's reign, the Kuroda Disturbance occurred. From 1641 onwards, together with the Saga Domain, they took turns guarding Nagasaki. After the Great Kyoho Famine (1732), the clan elders Yoshida Masatoshi and Hounen led reforms of the clan's government. In 1784 (Tenmei 4), the clan schools Shuyukan (Eastern Learning Center) and Kantokan (Western Learning Center) were founded. In 1834 (Tenpo 5), they appointed ophthalmologist Shiramizu Yotei to carry out the Tenpo Reforms, but they ended in failure. In 1865 (Keio 1), Choho suppressed pro-imperialists such as Kato Shisho, and thereafter adopted a pro-shogunate stance before the Meiji Restoration. In July 1871 (Meiji 4), Nagatomo was held responsible for the counterfeit banknote scandal and dismissed from his position as governor prior to the nationwide abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures. Prince Arisugawa Taruhito became governor of the domain, and in the same month the feudal domains were abolished and prefectures were established, creating Fukuoka Prefecture.

[Kazuo Shibata]

"New Narrative History of the Domain, Volume 11" (1975, Shinjinbutsu Oraisha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

筑前(ちくぜん)国那珂(なか)郡福岡（福岡市）に藩庁を置いた藩。別称筑前藩。藩主黒田氏。外様(とざま)。豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉の九州平定後、小早川隆景(こばやかわたかかげ)が筑前一国および筑後2郡、肥前2郡を与えられ、粕屋(かすや)郡名島に入封。1600年（慶長5）小早川氏は関ヶ原の戦いの戦功によって備前(びぜん)岡山に移り、そのあと豊前(ぶぜん)中津の黒田長政(ながまさ)が怡土(いと)郡の一部を除く筑前一国を与えられて名島に入り、翌年福岡に城を築いてここに移った。1623年（元和9）長政の死後、秋月、東蓮寺(とうれんじ)（のち直方(のおがた)）の両支藩を分封。東蓮寺藩は1677年（延宝5）廃藩となったが、秋月藩は廃藩置県まで存続した。東蓮寺藩廃藩後の領知高は47万3000石（秋月藩5万石）。1688年（元禄1）新田5万石を分与してふたたび直方藩を立てたが、1720年（享保5）廃藩。長政のあと忠之(ただゆき)、光之、綱政(つなまさ)、宣政(のぶまさ)、継高、治之(はるゆき)、治高、斉隆(なりたか)、斉清、長溥(ながひろ)、長知(ながとも)と12代続いた。1632年（寛永9）忠之のとき黒田騒動が発生。1641年以後、佐賀藩とともに1年交替で長崎警備を担当した。享保(きょうほう)の大飢饉(ききん)（1732）後、家老の吉田栄年(まさとし)・保年を中心に藩政改革を実施。1784年（天明4）には藩校修猷館(しゅうゆうかん)（東学問所）、甘棠館(かんとうかん)（西学問所）が創立された。1834年（天保5）には眼医白水養禎(ようてい)を登用して天保(てんぽう)の改革を実施したが、失敗に終わっている。1865年（慶応1）長溥は加藤司書ら勤王派を弾圧、以後佐幕的立場をとり明治維新を迎えた。1871年（明治4）7月長知は贋札(にせさつ)事件の責任を問われ、全国的な廃藩置県に先だって藩知事を罷免され、有栖川宮(ありすがわのみや)熾仁(たるひと)親王が藩知事となり、同月廃藩置県によって福岡県となった。

［柴多一雄］

『『新編物語藩史　第11巻』（1975・新人物往来社）』

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