The original meaning is a public square or market, and it is a public space that formed the center of an ancient Roman city. It is equivalent to the ancient Greek agora. Temples, basilicas, curia (senate), colonnades, and commercial facilities were built in the forum, and it was the most important place in civic life, including political society, religious ceremonies, and commercial activities. The Greek agora formed naturally by taking advantage of the topography, but in Rome, as urbanization progressed from the end of the Republic, the forum was developed into a rectangular space, with the main buildings of the city lined up around a temple, and in many cases this was surrounded by a colonnade. This type of forum is often seen in Roman cities in North Africa during the Imperial period. The Roman Forum (ancient name Forum Romanum), surrounded by four hills in Rome, is known as the oldest remaining structure from the Roman era. [Masaaki Maeda] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
原義は公共広場、市場の意で、古代ローマ都市の中心部を形どった公的空間。古代ギリシアのアゴラに相当する。フォルムには、神殿、バシリカ、クーリア(元老院)、コロネード(列柱廊)、商取引の施設が建ち並び、政治社会、宗教儀式、商業活動など市民生活のもっとも重要な場所であった。ギリシアのアゴラは地形を利用して自然発生的に形成されたが、ローマでは共和政末期から都市化が進むにつれて、フォルムは長方形の空間に整備され、神殿を中心に都市の主要建築が並び、これをコロネードで囲んでいた例が多い。このような形式のフォルムは、帝政時代の北アフリカのローマ都市に多くみられる。ローマの四つの丘に囲まれたフォロ・ロマーノ(古代名フォルム・ロマヌム)は、ローマ時代最古の遺構として知られる。 [前田正明] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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