An inner moon of Mars. Discovered by A. Hall in 1877. Its luminosity is 11th magnitude. Its orbital period is 7 hours 39 minutes, which is about one third of a Martian day, so it rises in the west and sets in the east at least twice a Martian day. It is so close to the star, about 9,400 km, that it cannot be seen from the poles of Mars. It is an irregular elliptical rock mass with a radius of 14 x 11 x 10 km, and its major axis is in the orbital plane. Photos taken by the American Mariner 9 in 1972 and Viking 2 in 1976 show that there are many craters on its surface. In the 20th century, an increase in the mean motion was observed, and in 1959, I. Shklovsky of the Soviet Union proposed the theory that Phobos is a hollow artificial moon, based on the view that this is due to friction with the thin Martian atmosphere. The 18th century works F. Voltaire's Utopia and J. Swift's Gulliver's Travels already contained references to two small moons of Mars, probably because J. Kepler had made such a claim in 1610 without any scientific basis.PhobosPlease see the "Deimos and Phobos" page. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
火星の,内側の衛星。 1877年に A.ホールが発見。光度 11等。公転周期は7時間 39分で火星の1日の約3分の1なので,少くとも火星の1日に2度西から出て東に没することになる。主星からの距離は約 9400kmできわめて近いため,火星の両極地方からは観測することができない。大きさは半径 14× 11× 10kmの不規則な楕円形の岩塊で,その長軸は軌道面内にある。 1972年のアメリカのマリナー9号や 76年のバイキング2号の写真によると,表面に数多くのクレータが見られる。 20世紀になって平均運動の増加が観測され,火星の希薄な大気との摩擦によるという見方から,59年にソ連の I.シクロフスキーは,フォボスは中が空洞の人工衛星であるという説を出した。 18世紀の F.ボルテールの『理想郷物語』や J.スウィフトの『ガリバー旅行記』にすでに火星の小さな2つの月についての記述があるが,これはおそらく 1610年に J.ケプラーが科学的根拠なしでそのようなことをいったことによるらしい。
フォボス「デイモスとフォボス」のページをご覧ください。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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