Microwave communication

Japanese: マイクロ波通信 - まいくろはつうしん(英語表記)microwave communication
Microwave communication

This refers to communication that uses microwaves (electromagnetic waves that usually include the UHF band of 300 megahertz to 3 gigahertz and the SHF band of 3 to 30 gigahertz). Microwaves have a higher frequency than short waves and ultra-short waves, so their wavelengths are short and they can be emitted in a specified direction with fairly sharp directional characteristics even from an easy-to-handle antenna that is less than a few meters in size.

Japan is mountainous, so microwaves are suitable for constructing long-distance transmission lines. Japan's microwave communication system began in 1954 (Showa 29) with the SF-B1 system in the 4 GHz band (transmission capacity of 360 channels per system), and later 3,600-channel systems were realized in the 4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. As for digital systems, a system that transmits 240 telephone channels was put into practical use in the 2 GHz band in 1969. It was then introduced in the 11 and 15 GHz bands, and highly efficient systems were developed, and systems capable of transmitting 200 megabits per second (2,880 telephone channels) in the 4, 5, and 6 GHz bands were put into practical use. However, microwave communication for telephone networks below 6 GHz is gradually being replaced by optical communication, and these frequencies are to be used for mobile communication, which is experiencing a rapid increase in demand.

[Ryo Tsuboi and Tetsuya Miki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

マイクロ波(通常300メガヘルツ~3ギガヘルツのUHF帯と3~30ギガヘルツのSHF帯を含めた電磁波をいう)を利用する通信をいう。マイクロ波は、その周波数が短波、超短波に比べて高いので、波長が短く、扱いやすい数メートル以下の大きさのアンテナでもかなり鋭い指向特性をもって電波を定められた方向に発射することができる。

 日本は山が多いことから、市外伝送路を作製するのに、マイクロ波を利用することが適している。日本のマイクロ波通信方式は1954年(昭和29)に、アナログ方式として4ギガヘルツ帯のSF-B1方式(伝送容量1システム当り360チャネル)に始まり、その後4ギガヘルツ帯、5ギガヘルツ帯で3600チャネルの方式が実現している。デジタル方式としては、1969年に電話240チャネルを伝送する方式が、2ギガヘルツ帯で実用化された。その後11、15ギガヘルツ帯などに導入されるとともに、高能率な方式が開発され、4、5、6ギガヘルツ帯で、200メガビット/秒(電話2880チャネル)の伝送可能な方式が実用化されてきた。しかし、6ギガヘルツ帯以下の電話網用のマイクロ波通信は、光通信に順次とってかわられ、これらの周波数は急速に需要の増加している移動通信などに利用されることになっている。

[坪井 了・三木哲也]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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