…Even in ancient Buddhist texts, the word “immortality” is often used instead of “liberation.” In Buddhism, our cyclical existence is considered to be “suffering” itself, and its ultimate cause is seen as “craving” (tṛṣṇā) or “ignorance” (avidyā). Therefore, if it is destroyed, cyclical existence will cease and “suffering” will also disappear. … From [Esoteric Buddhism]... Historically, it has developed through the process of mixed esoteric Buddhism, pure esoteric Buddhism, and Tantric Buddhism. The first, mixed esoteric Buddhism, is a method of controlling the feminine spiritual power of the world through the recitation of spells, or mantras, vidyas, dharanis, and other spells that are associated with it, in order to achieve various goals (such as healing pain, good health, and attaining wealth). "Jun-Mitsubo" refers to the two great sutras, the "Mahavairocana Sutra" and the "Vajrasekhara Sutra." The former expresses the worldview of Mahayana Buddhism, especially that of the "Avatamsaka Sutra," which sees the world as the essence of the universal Buddha Vairocana, or as a mandala (meaning an exhaustive whole) of the actions of Samantabhadra to benefit all living beings, as illustrated mandalas, and seeks to enter that world ritually, cleverly complementing the lofty Mahayana Buddhism with symbolism. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "vidyā" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…仏教でも古い文献には,〈解脱〉の代りに〈不死〉という言葉がしばしば用いられている。 仏教では,われわれの輪廻的生存を〈苦〉そのものであるとし,さかのぼってその最終的原因を〈渇愛(かつあい)(トゥリシュナーtṛṣṇā)〉ないし〈無明(むみよう)(アビドゥヤーavidyā)〉と見る。したがって,それを滅ぼせば輪廻的生存はやみ,〈苦〉もなくなることになる。… 【密教】より… 歴史的には雑密(ぞうみつ),純密,タントラ仏教という過程をとって展開する。第1の雑密とは,世界の女性原理的霊力をそれと同置された呪文,術語でいう真言(しんごん)(マントラ),明呪(みようじゆ)(ビディヤーvidyā),陀羅尼(だらに)(ダーラニー)等の誦持によってコントロールし,各種の目的(治痛,息災,財福の獲得など)を達しようとするものである。純密とは《大日経(だいにちきよう)》と《金剛頂経(こんごうちようきよう)》のいわゆる両部大経を指すが,前者は大乗仏教,ことに《華厳経》が説くところの世界観,すなわち,世界を宇宙的な仏ビルシャナ(毘盧遮那仏)の内実とみる,あるいは普賢(ふげん)の衆生利益の行のマンダラ(余すところなき総体の意)とみる世界観を図絵マンダラとして表現し,儀礼的にその世界に参入しようとするもので,高踏的な大乗仏教をシンボリズムによって巧妙に補完したものとなっている。… ※「vidyā」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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