1866: War between Prussia and Austria over leadership in German unificationAfter the Danish War, in 1865, Prussia and Austria concluded the Gastein Agreement over the disposition of Schleswig-Holstein. The following year, Prussia invaded Austrian Holstein, accusing Austria of plotting to change the agreement. Bismarck had already expanded Prussia's military under the "blood and iron policy," and was waiting for an opportunity to conduct diplomatic maneuvers with Russia, France, Italy, and other countries. After the war began, Chief of Staff Moltke's strategy defeated the main Austrian army at the Battle of Sadowa, and the outcome was decided in seven weeks. For this reason, it is also called the "Seven Weeks' War," and the use of railways, telegraphs, and telephones, which came about as a result of the Industrial Revolution, played a decisive role. The Treaty of Prague was concluded, in which Austria agreed to withdraw from the German Confederation and not interfere, and to give Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia. Prussia annexed the German states and, the following year in 1867, formed the North German Confederation, of which it became its leader. Source: Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition About Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition |
1866年,ドイツ統一の主導権をめぐってプロイセンとオーストリアの間に行われた戦争 デンマーク戦争後の1865年,プロイセン・オーストリア両国はシュレスヴィヒ・ホルシュタインの処分をめぐり,ガシュタイン協定を結んだ。翌年,オーストリアがその変更を策したとして,プロイセンはオーストリア領のホルシュタインに侵入。プロイセンは,すでにビスマルクが「鉄血政策」を掲げて軍備を拡張し,ロシア・フランス・イタリアなどに外交的工作を行って機会をうかがっていた。開戦後はモルトケ参謀総長の作戦により,オーストリア軍の主力をサドヴァの戦いに破り,7週間で大勢を決した。そのため“7週間戦争”ともいわれ,産業革命を背景とする,鉄道・電信・電話の利用が決定的な役割を果たした。プラハ条約が結ばれ,オーストリアはドイツ連邦から脱退して干渉しないこと,シュレスヴィヒ−ホルシュタインをプロイセンに与えることなどを約した。プロイセンはドイツ諸邦を併合し,翌1867年北ドイツ連邦を組織してみずから盟主となった。 出典 旺文社世界史事典 三訂版旺文社世界史事典 三訂版について 情報 |
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