Oita Prefecture - Oita

Japanese: 大分[県] - おおいた

A prefecture in the northeastern part of Kyushu. The prefectural capital is Oita City. It has an area of 6,340.71 ^km2 and a population of 1,196,529 (2010). [History] Oita occupied the entirety of the former Bungo Province and part of Buzen Province. In the Middle Ages, Bungo was ruled by the Otomo clan, and in the Edo Period it was divided into small domains, the Tenryo Domain, and the Usa Jinryo Domain. In 1868, Hita Prefecture was established in the Tenryo Domain, and in 1871, the feudal domains were abolished and prefectures were established, resulting in Bungo becoming Oita Prefecture and Buzen becoming Kokura Prefecture. When Kokura Prefecture was abolished in 1876, part of Buzen was incorporated, and the current prefectural boundaries were established. [Nature] Oita faces the Suo Nada Sea to the north, and the Seto Inland Sea and Bungo Channel to the northeast and east. To the north, the Kunisaki Peninsula juts out, embracing Beppu Bay. The southern part is the Kyushu Mountains, and the tip of the area sinks into the Bungo Channel, forming a ria coast. The central part and north is the Seto Inland Sea depression zone, with lava plateaus such as Yabakei, Aso, and Kokonoe, and small basins scattered among the mountains. The Nakatsu Plain lies downstream of the Yamakuni River and Yakkan River, and the Oita Plain lies downstream of the Oita River and Ono River. The coastal area has a warm Seto Inland Sea climate, but the inland areas are cold and rainy. [Industry] The population composition by industry is 9.0% primary, 23.9% secondary, and 66.1% tertiary (2005). The cultivated land area per farm household is small at 1.13 ha, and the rate of part-time work is high. As the population concentrates in cities, the proportion of livestock, vegetables, and fruit trees is increasing, strengthening the characteristics of urban agriculture. The main crops are rice and vegetables in the Nakatsu Plain, vegetables and flowers around Oita, livestock and highland vegetables on the plateaus of Kusumi and Iida, and citrus fruits along the Bungo Channel and on the slopes of the Kunisaki Peninsula, but there is a shift to commercial crops. 71% of the area is forest, with cedar and pine lumber produced in abundance in the Hita and Kusu regions, bamboo production is also one of the leading in the country, and shiitake mushroom cultivation is thriving in the south. Fishing is carried out along the southwestern coast, but the catch is small. There are many types of underground resources, but the reserves are small. All gold mines were closed in 1970, with the last one at Taio, and the tin and copper mines in the Sobokan mountain range have also closed. Limestone, dolomite, and silica stone around Tsukumi city maintain stable production volumes. In the past, the main industries were wood products, food, ceramics, stone and clay products, as well as steel and chemicals in the coastal industrial area of Oita City, but in the 1980s, advanced technology industries were established. There are many tourist spots such as Mount Kuju in Aso-Kuju National Park, Himeshima, Mount Takasaki, Yaba-Hita-Hikosan Quasi-National Park and Sobosan Quasi-National Park in Setonaikai National Park, Beppu Onsen, historical sites on the Kunisaki Peninsula, and Usuki Cliff Buddhas. [Transportation] The Nippo Main Line and National Route 10 run almost along the coast, and the Toyohashi-Kyudai Main Line, Oita Expressway, National Route 57, and Kyushu Transverse Highway connect the area to the inland and western Kyushu. Beppu is the starting point of Kyushu for the Seto Inland Sea shipping route.
→ Related topics Kyushu region

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

九州地方北東部の県。県庁所在地は大分市。6340.71km²。119万6529人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての豊後(ぶんご)国全域と豊前(ぶぜん)国の一部に当たり，豊後は中世，大友氏が支配，江戸時代は小藩，天領，宇佐神領に分割されていた。1868年天領に日田県が置かれ，1871年廃藩置県により豊後は大分県，豊前は小倉県となった。1876年小倉県廃止のとき豊前の一部を編入，現在の県域が確定した。〔自然〕　北は周防灘(すおうなだ)に，北東と東は瀬戸内海と豊後水道に面し，北に国東(くにさき)半島が突出して別府湾を抱く。南部は九州山地で，先端は豊後水道に没してリアス式海岸を形成する。中部以北は瀬戸内陥没地帯で，耶馬渓，阿蘇，九重などの溶岩台地が広がり，山間に小盆地が点在。山国川と駅館(やっかん)川下流に中津平野，大分川と大野川下流に大分平野がある。海岸部は温暖な瀬戸内式気候であるが，内陸部は低温多雨。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次9.0％，第２次23.9％，第３次66.1％（2005）。農家１戸当りの耕地面積は1.13haと少なく，兼業率が高い。都市への人口集中に伴い，畜産，野菜，果樹の比重を高めつつ都市型農業の性格を強めている。中津平野での米・野菜，大分周辺での野菜・花卉(かき)，久住・飯田などの高原で畜産・高原野菜，豊後水道沿岸・国東半島傾斜地での柑橘(かんきつ)類などが主で，商品作物への転換が進む。面積の71％は森林で，日田・玖珠両地方を中心に杉・松材を多産，竹材の生産も全国有数，南部ではシイタケ栽培が盛ん。漁業は，南西部沿岸などで行われるが漁獲高は少ない。地下資源は種類は多いが埋蔵規模が小さい。金山は1970年の鯛生(たいお)鉱山を最後にすべて閉山，祖母傾山地のスズ，銅の鉱山も閉山した。津久見市周辺の石灰石，ドロマイト，ケイ石が安定した生産量を保つ。かつて工業は木製品，食品，窯業，土石製品のほか，大分市の臨海工業地域での鉄鋼，化学などが主だったが，1980年代には先端技術産業が立地。阿蘇くじゅう国立公園の九重山，瀬戸内海国立公園の姫島，高崎山，耶馬日田英彦山国定公園・祖母傾国定公園のほか別府温泉，国東半島の史跡，臼杵磨崖仏など観光地が多い。〔交通〕　ほぼ海岸沿いに日豊本線，国道10号線が通じ，豊肥・久大本線，大分自動車道，国道57号線，九州横断道路により内陸部や九州西部と連絡する。別府は瀬戸内海航路の九州の起点である。
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