Translated as a trade union or occupational union, this is the classic form of labor union. It was organized by skilled workers with the same type of skill, and many had strict membership requirements, such as completing a certain period of apprenticeship. Its history can be traced back to the medieval craft guilds (see the entry on craft guilds). It was originally an organization of self-employed craftsmen, but with the development of capitalism it was reorganized into an organization of wage laborers. The most well-known example is the Amalgamated Society of Engineers, which was organized nationwide in 1851 in the UK, and many other trades followed suit. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
職能別組合または職業別組合と訳され,労働組合の古典的形態である。同一種類の技能をもつ熟練労働者によって組織され,徒弟制度での一定期間の修業を終えたもの,というような厳しい加入資格を定めているものが多かった。沿革は中世の職人ギルド(〈手工業ギルド〉の項参照)にさかのぼることができ,当初は自営職人の組織であったが,資本主義の発達にともない賃金労働者の組織に再編された。イギリスで最も発達し,1851年全国的組織として組織された合同機械工組合Amalgamated Society of Engineersが代表的なものであり,他の職業でもこれにならって数多く結成された。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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