Felted wool or other animal fibers are shrunk into a sheet. When wool or other fibers are collected, wetted with warm liquids such as soap or soda, and beaten or kneaded for a long time, the fibers intertwine, adhere, shrink, and solidify into a dense structure. This phenomenon is called felting, and the resulting aggregate is called felt. It is a type of nonwoven fabric that does not use adhesives. Wool-spun fabric that has been shrunk is called woven felt. Recently, synthetic fibers have been mixed with wool to increase durability. Soap, alkalis, and acids such as dilute sulfuric acid are used as felting agents. There are three types: (1) Compressed felt (sheet-like, 1 mm to several cm thick) For sandals, slippers, shoes, and bags; thin ones for clothing; does not fray at the seams and has good dyeability. Used industrially for polishing glass and metal, soundproofing, heat insulation, and filters. (2) Hat body felt (mortar-shaped) For hats. (3) Hammer felt: Used to cushion piano hammers. Felt was imported into Japan after the Muromachi period and was used for things like battle robes and flags. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
羊毛または他の獣毛繊維を縮絨してシート状にしたもの。羊毛などの繊維を集め,石鹸,ソーダなどの温液で濡らし,長時間,たたいたり,もんだりすると,繊維がからみ合い,密着,収縮して,緻密な構造となって固まる。この現象を縮絨 (フェルティング felting) といい,得られた集合体をフェルトという。接着剤を使用しない一種の不織布である。紡毛織物を縮絨させたものを織りフェルトという。また最近は耐久力を増加させるため羊毛に合成繊維を混合する。縮絨剤には,石鹸,アルカリ類,希硫酸などの酸類が使われる。次の3種類がある。 (1) 圧縮フェルト (厚さ 1mm~数 cmのシート状) 草履,スリッパ,靴,かばん用,薄地のものは衣料用,裁ち目がほつれず,染色性がよい。工業用として,ガラス,金属の研磨用,防音材,断熱材,フィルタなどに使用。 (2) 帽体フェルト (すり鉢状) 帽子用。 (3) ハンマーフェルト ピアノのハンマーのクッション用。日本にフェルトが輸入されたのは室町時代以後で,陣羽織,旗印などに用いられた。
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