Pueblo Indians

Japanese: プエブロ族 - プエブロぞく（英語表記）Pueblo Indians

A general term for American Indians who live in small settlements called pueblos in the southwestern United States, mainly in northeastern Arizona and New Mexico. The current Pueblo tribes are divided into Eastern and Western Pueblos, with the western tribe including the Hopi, Zuni, Acoma, and Lacchi of northern Arizona. The eastern tribe includes all the pueblos along the Rio Grande River. They are an agricultural people who cultivate cotton, corn, soybeans, and pumpkins, and excel in weaving, basketry, and pottery, especially black pottery. They have a complex religious system, and their belief in horned or winged snakes and their masked dance prayer rituals are thought to have been introduced from the south. Western Pueblo society was based on matrilocal marriage, and rituals were performed by secret societies of specific clans. On the other hand, in Eastern Pueblo, events and rituals were performed by bipartite organizations. For thousands of years, the people lived as hunter-gatherers, but before the Spanish arrived at the end of the 16th century, they had no knowledge of metal objects or vehicles, and only had dogs and turkeys as livestock. Despite invasions by other ethnic groups, Spanish culture, and Christian influences, the people have maintained their traditional customs. In 1987, Chaco Culture National Historical Park (→Pueblo Bonito Ruins), which includes the ruins of the Pueblo people, and Aztec Ruins National Monument were registered as cultural heritage sites of the World Heritage Sites, and in 1992, the settlement of Taos, New Mexico, was registered as a cultural heritage site of the World Heritage Sites.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アメリカ合衆国の南西部，主としてアリゾナ州北東部とニューメキシコ州で，プエブロと呼ばれる小集落を形成し定住しているアメリカインディアンの総称。現在のプエブロ族は東プエブロと西プエブロに分かれ，西は北アリゾナのホピ族，ズニ族，アコマ族，ラクチ族を含む。東はリオグランデ川沿いの全プエブロを含む。農耕民族で，ワタ，トウモロコシ，ダイズ，カボチャを栽培し，織物，籠細工，陶芸などに優れ，特に黒色土器が有名。複雑な宗教組織をもち，角あるいは翼のあるヘビ信仰や仮面をつけて踊る祈祷の儀礼などは，南方から伝えられたと考えられる。西プエブロの社会は妻方居住婚を基本とし，特定の氏族による秘密結社が儀礼を行なった。一方東プエブロでは双分組織によって行事や儀礼が行なわれた。何千年も前から狩猟採集生活を営んでいたが，16世紀末にスペイン人が侵入する以前は金属類，車両を知らず，家畜もイヌ，シチメンチョウ以外はもたなかった。他民族の侵略やスペイン文化，キリスト教の影響などにもかかわらず，伝統的な慣習を保っている。1987年プエブロ族の遺跡を含む，チャコ文化国立歴史公園（→プエブロ・ボニート遺跡）とアステカ遺跡国定記念物が，1992年にはニューメキシコ州タオスの居住地が世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。

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