Council of Florence

The Council of the Catholic Church held in Florence (1439-42). The Councils, which had been held in Basel and Ferrara since 1431, were moved to Florence, and collectively known as the 17th Council. In Florence, the issue of uniting the Eastern and Western Churches was discussed, and the Western Church's claim that the Holy Spirit emanates from the Father and the Son (Filioque) was accepted by the Eastern Church, and the papal primacy, which means that the Pope, the successor of Peter and the representative of Christ, has leadership over all churches, was also recognized by the Eastern Church, and reconciliation between the two churches was achieved. However, the Eastern concessions were politically motivated, as they wanted to obtain support from the West to counter the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), and the results of this union were not permanent.

[Umezu Hisashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フィレンツェで開かれたカトリック教会の公会議（1439～42）。1431年以来、バーゼル、フェッラーラで開催されていたものが、さらにフィレンツェに移されたもので、これらはまとめて第17回公会議とされる。フィレンツェでは、東西教会合同問題が討議され、聖霊は聖父と聖子より（フィリオクエ）発出したとの西方教会の主張が東方側にも認められ、また、ペテロの後継者にしてキリストの代理者たる教皇が全教会にわたる指導権を有する旨の教皇首位権も東方教会により承認され、両教会の和解が成立した。しかし、この東方の譲歩は、オスマン帝国（トルコ）に対抗するため西方の援助を得たいという政治的動機によるものであったため、この合同の成果も永続的なものではありえなかった。

［梅津尚志］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例