Ahbar - Ahbar

Japanese: アフバール - あふばーる
Ahbar - Ahbar

...They also do not accept any ijma (consensus) among all Muslims. They acknowledge the authority of hadith, but they believe that it should be based on the words and deeds of the imams (akhbar). Thus, apart from the theory of imams, there is room for reconciliation between the Sunnis and the Twelvers, and throughout history, there have been repeated attempts to call the Twelvers the Ja'far school and place them alongside the four Sunni schools of jurisprudence, but in the end, this has not produced much effect.

From the Twelver

The Islamic sect of Islam is a Muslim sect that is formed by the Islamic State, the Islamic sect of Islam, and the Islamic sect of Islam. The authoritative writings of this sect were produced during the Buyid dynasty and consist of four books: Al-Kāfī fī 'ilm al-dīn (Outline of Religious Learning) by Kulaynī (?-939/940), Man la yaḥḍruhu al-faqīh (A Book Without the Need to Visit the Jurists) by Ibn Bābūya (c. 923-991), Kitāb al-istibṣār (Consideration of the Hadith) and Kitāb al-tahdhib al-aḥkām (The Finalization of Islamic Law) by TuṬūsī (c. 995-1067).

From [History]

...Medina inherited the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad and his Companions (Sahaba), while the military towns inherited the traditions of the Arab tribesmen. Islamic historiography in the strict sense of the word was established through the fusion of the two traditions and the influence of the semi-legendary Iranian imperial history (Khuday-i-Nama) translated into Arabic.
[The Birth of the Historical Narrative Akhbar]
Pre-Islamic Arab traditions included the ayyām, a tribal warfare tradition, and the anṣāb, a tribal genealogy. In Medina the ayyām developed into the maghāzī, a record of Muhammad's battles, which was developed by Ibn Ishaq into the sīra, a biography of the Prophet.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Akhbar" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…またムスリム全体のイジュマー(合意)なるものは認めない。ハディースの権威は認めるが,それはイマームの言行録(アフバールakhbār)に拠るべきであるとする。このようにイマーム論を除き,スンナ派と十二イマーム派との間に融和の余地がないわけではなく,歴史上,十二イマーム派をジャーファルJa‘far派と呼んで,スンナ派の四法学派と並んで位置づける試みも再三にわたってなされたが,結局さしたる効果をあげなかった。…

【十二イマーム派】より

…イラン革命指導者ホメイニーが提起した〈法学者の統治(ベラーヤテ・ファキー)〉とはこのことを指している。スンナ派と同様に聖典コーランに次ぐ第2の典拠としてハディースを認めるが,さらに各イマームの言行をまとめた聖言行録(アフバールakhbār)をも重視する。この派の権威ある聖言行録はブワイフ朝下に成立し,クライニーKulaynī(?‐939∥940)の《宗教の学問の大要al‐Kāfī fī ‘ilm al‐dīn》,イブン・バーブーヤIbn Bābūya(923ころ‐991)の《法学者の許に行かなくとも済む書Man lā yaḥḍruhu al‐faqīh》,トゥーシーṬūsī(995‐1067ころ)の《ハディースの検討Kitāb al‐istibṣār》および《イスラム法の仕上げKitāb al‐tahdhīb al‐aḥkām》の4書である。…

【歴史】より

…メディナは預言者ムハンマドとその教友(サハーバ)の,軍営都市はアラブ部族民の伝統を受け継ぎ,両伝統の融合と,アラビア語に翻訳された半ば伝説的なイランの帝王史《フダーイ・ナーマ》の影響のもとに,語の厳密な意味におけるイスラム史学は成立した。
[歴史叙述アフバールの誕生]
 前イスラム時代のアラブの伝承には,部族同士の戦いの伝承アイヤームayyāmと部族の系譜アンサーブanṣābとがあった。メディナにおいてアイヤームはムハンマドの戦いの記録マガージーmaghāzīへと発展し,それはイブン・イスハークによって預言者の伝記シーラsīraへと発展させられた。…

※「アフバール」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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