Neapolitan School (English: Scuola Napolitana)

Japanese: ナポリ楽派 - なぽりがくは(英語表記)scuola napolitana
Neapolitan School (English: Scuola Napolitana)

These opera composers were active mainly in Naples from the end of the 17th century to the middle of the 18th century, and are typified by Alessandro Scarlatti, Pergolesi, Paisiello, and Cimarosa. Together with the librettist Metastasio, they promoted the differentiation of opera singing into arias and recitatives. The arias had a form of A-B-A called da capo aria, and pursued melodic beauty, beautiful vocalization, and singing style (bel canto). In particular, castrati (castrated male singers who could sing in the same high range as women) were active and competed in technique. The opera style of this school had a strong influence, and not only was most of the German and English operas of the mid-18th century based on this style, but its influence also extended to Mozart's early operas. In addition, the short and light-hearted musical dramas (intemezzo) in the interludes became the basis of opera buffa, and the overtures became the basis of classical symphonies.

[Yoshio Miyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

17世紀末から18世紀中ごろまでナポリを中心に活躍したオペラ作曲家たちで、アレッサンドロ・スカルラッティ、ペルゴレージ、パイジェッロ、チマローザらにより代表される。台本作者メタスタージオとともに、オペラの歌唱のアリアとレチタティーボへの分化を進めた。アリアは、ダ・カーポ・アリアとよばれるA―B―Aの形式をもち、旋律美と美しい発声、歌唱法(ベルカント)が追求された。とくに、カストラート(女声と同じ高音域を歌う去勢男性歌手)が活躍、技巧を競った。この楽派のオペラ様式は強い影響力をもち、18世紀中ごろのドイツ、イギリスのオペラはほとんどこの様式によっていたばかりでなく、その影響はモーツァルトの初期のオペラにまで及んでいる。また幕間(まくあい)の短く軽い内容の音楽劇(インテルメッツォ)はオペラ・ブッファの、序曲は古典派の交響曲の母体となった。

[美山良夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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