Filters

Japanese: フィルター
Filters

Filters are used to transmit or block certain wavelength bands of light, or to pass only wavelengths above or below a certain wavelength. Filters utilize phenomena such as selective absorption, selective transmission, selective reflection, optical interference, and scattering. Glass filters, gelatin filters, and plastic filters are absorption filters used in general absorptiometers. Neutral density filters (ND filters) belong to the selective transmission category and are generally used to uniformly attenuate the entire required wavelength range. Reflection filters include residual line filters. Potassium chloride or potassium bromide filters are used to remove unnecessary higher-order diffraction, especially in the infrared range. Interference filters and scattering filters are good for separating narrow wavelength ranges. The former partially reflect light, while the latter are called Christiansen-Weigert filters and are essentially transparent liquids in which transparent powders are suspended, or air. For example, a mixture of cyclohexane and decahydronaphthalene with quartz powder suspended in it gives a wavelength band of about 10 nm from 250 to 280 nm.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

光のある波長帯だけを透過またはしゃ断したり,あるいはある波長以上または以下の波長だけを通したい場合に用いる.フィルターは選択吸収,選択透過,選択反射,光の干渉,散乱などの現象を利用する.ガラスフィルター,ゼラチンフィルター,プラスチックフィルターなどは一般の吸光光度計に用いられる吸収フィルターである.ニュートラルフィルター(NDフィルター)は選択透過に属し,一般に,必要波長域全体を一様に減光する目的で使用される.反射フィルターとしては残留線フィルターがある.とくに赤外領域において不必要な高次回折を除くときは,塩化カリウム,あるいは臭化カリウムのフィルターを用いる.狭い波長領域の分離には,干渉フィルター,および散乱フィルターがよい.前者は光を部分的に反射するものであり,後者はクリスチャンゼン-ワイゲルトのフィルターとよばれ,本質的には透明な粉末を懸濁した透明液体,あるいは空気である.たとえば,シクロヘキサンとデカヒドロナフタレンとの混合物中に石英粉末を懸濁させたものは,250~280 nm で幅約10 nm の波長帯を与える.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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