A living person is worshiped as a god and a shrine is established for him/her. (1) In the case of the Tenmangu Shrine of Maeda Harunaga, lord of Kaga Domain (Aimotoshin, Unazuki-machi, Kurobe City, Toyama Prefecture), where the person's consent is not obtained, (2) in the case of the Kodachi-sha Shrine of Matsudaira Yoshinaga, lord of Fukui Domain (Mikuni Shrine in Sakai City, Fukui Prefecture), where the person's consent is obtained, (3) in the case of the Suika-sha Shrine of the Confucian scholar Yamazaki Ansai (Shimogoryo Shrine in Kyoto City), where the person is established by his/her own initiative. In the cases of (1) and (2), it is done to offer special reverence and gratitude to the person and to hope for the manifestation of spiritual virtue, while in the case of (3), it is based on the person's theology or outlook on life and death. Examples of (1) and (2) can also be found in China, Korea, and Taiwan, with an example dating back to the 3rd century B.C. recorded in the Records of the Grand Historian, but (3) is unique to Japan and is particularly prevalent in Suika Shinto. Kato Genchi's Study of Seishi in Japan (1932) was the first academic attempt at elucidating the topic, and the Dr. Kato Genchi Memorial Society, which was established in 1976, has made the study of seishus a central theme and publishes the Shinto Research Bulletin. [Shogo Tani] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生きている人を神と祀(まつ)り、その社祠を設けたもの。(1)加賀(かが)藩主前田治脩(はるなが)の天満宮(富山県黒部(くろべ)市宇奈月町愛本新(うなづきまちあいもとしん))のように本人の了解を得ずに祀る場合、(2)福井藩主松平慶永(よしなが)の木立社(福井県坂井(さかい)市の三国(みくに)神社境内社)のように本人の了解を得て祀る場合、(3)儒者山崎闇斎(あんさい)の垂加(すいか)社(京都市下御霊(しもごりょう)神社境内社)のように本人自身の発意で成立する場合がある。(1)(2)の場合は、その人に対して格別の崇敬・感謝を捧(ささ)げ、また霊徳の発現を期待してのことであり、(3)の場合は、その人の神学ないしは死生観に基づく。(1)(2)の例は中国、朝鮮、台湾にもあり、古くは『史記』に紀元前3世紀の例が伝えられているが、(3)は日本独自のもので、とくに垂加神道(しんとう)に多くみられる。加藤玄智(げんち)の『本邦生祠の研究』(1932)は、生祠に関する学問的解明を試みた最初のもので、1976年(昭和51)に発足した加藤玄智博士記念学会は、生祠の研究を中心課題とし、『神道研究紀要』を発行している。 [谷 省吾] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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