Clémence Louise Michel

Japanese: ミシェル - みしぇる(英語表記)Clémence Louise Michel
Clémence Louise Michel

French female revolutionary, writer, and poet. Born as an illegitimate child of an aristocrat in the Haute-Marne department. After receiving higher education, she became a teacher, but she was awakened to social issues early on, and while writing poetry, she devoted herself to educating poor workers. She refused to pledge allegiance to the Constitution of the Second Empire, opened a private school in Paris, and participated in the revolutionary movement while devoting herself to educating the poor. During the siege of Paris in the Prussian-French War of 1870, she was elected to the Montmartre Supervisory Committee, and became friends with the Blanquist revolutionary Charles-Théophile Ferré (1845-1871). During the Paris Commune revolution on March 18, 1871, she took up arms and played an active role, and when the civil war between the Commune and the Versailles government resumed, she participated in the battles of Issy and Neuilly, and fought on the barricades until the end in the street fighting during the final "Bloody Week." After the collapse of the Commune, he was initially sentenced to death, but was eventually exiled to New Caledonia, where he led the indigenous Kanaka nationalist movement. After receiving a general amnesty in 1880 and returning to the United States, he threw himself into the anarchist movement, was convicted three times, and lived in exile in London, England from 1890 to 1895. He died suddenly while giving a lecture in the countryside, and his funeral was attended by many workers and lower-class citizens. In addition to literary works such as poetry, he also wrote a memoir of the Paris Commune.

[Katsura Yoshio]

"The Paris Commune, Volumes 1 and 2, by Louise Michel, translated by Hitoshi Amakawa and Nagao Nishikawa (1971, Jinbun Shoin)"

[References] | Paris Commune | French-Prussian War

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの女性革命家、文学者、詩人。オート・マルヌ県の貴族の私生児として生まれる。高等教育を受けたのち教師となったが、早くから社会問題に目覚め、詩作を行いながら貧しい労働者の教育に従事した。第二帝政憲法に忠誠を拒否、パリで私塾を開き、貧民教育に献身しながら革命運動に参加した。1870年のプロイセン・フランス戦争のパリ籠城(ろうじょう)戦中は、モンマルトルの監視委員会に選出され、ブランキ派の革命家フェレCharles-Théophile Ferré(1845―1871)と親交を結んだ。翌1871年3月18日のパリ・コミューンの革命に際しては、武器を手にして活躍、コミューンとベルサイユ政府との内戦が再開されると、イシー、ヌイイの戦闘に加わり、最後の「血の週間」の市街戦でも最後までバリケードで戦った。コミューン崩壊後一時死刑を宣告されたが、結局ニュー・カレドニアに流刑となり、その地で先住民カナカの民族運動を指導した。1880年大赦を得て帰国すると、無政府主義者の運動に身を投じ、三度有罪宣告を受け、1890年から1895年までイギリスのロンドンに亡命した。地方講演中急死したが、葬儀には多数の労働者、下層市民が参加した。詩などの文学作品のほかに、パリ・コミューンの回想録などの著作がある。

[桂 圭男]

『ルイーズ・ミシェル著、天羽均・西川長夫訳『パリ・コミューン』上下(1971・人文書院)』

[参照項目] | パリ・コミューン | プロイセン・フランス戦争

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Michel Aflaq

>>:  Misawa [city] - Misawa

Recommend

sheets

...A white cloth placed on a futon to prevent it ...

Osato Irrigation Canal - Osato Irrigation Canal

Located in northern Saitama Prefecture, this is a...

iboga

...Currently, there are nearly 100 plants known t...

Apomixis (English spelling)

A general term for reproduction that occurs withou...

Eutaeniophorus festivus (English spelling) Eutaeniophorusfestivus

…The mouth opens slightly diagonally forward and ...

Pitfalls - Cucumber

〘Noun〙① To understand the principles and laws of t...

French Revolution - French (English) Révolution française

The French Revolution was a revolution that took ...

Wehnelt, B.

...They said that there are two types of substanc...

International Labour Organization

…the International Labor Organization is an inter...

Gradation - Kaichou

The number of shades of color or brightness. It is...

Zimmerman, R.

…He is one of the most important singers, songwri...

Grimke, AE (English spelling)

…American abolitionist and women's rights act...

Akamochi - Akamochi

...The raw materials are Ilex monadelpha (12% con...

Papal Palace Office

This was an extra-official position established in...

Moḥammad 'Ali Shāh (English spelling) Mohammad Ali Shah

…However, in August 1907, when Britain and Russia...