Indian Mutiny

Japanese: インド大反乱 - インドだいはんらん(英語表記)Indian Mutiny
Indian Mutiny
In 1857-58, under the control of the British East India Company, Indian soldiers started an anti-British uprising, which was joined by citizens and farmers, and spread throughout North and Central India. It was also called the Sepoy Mutiny. Sepoy is the romanized English spelling of sipāhī, a Persian word meaning soldier, and refers to the Indian mercenaries of the East India Company. In the mid-19th century, the British's aggressive annexation of the Indian princely states caused discontent among the Indian ruling class and other classes. Under these circumstances, rumors spread that the British ignored the teachings of Hinduism and Islam and used cow and pig fat as a lubricant when loading bullets and gunpowder into gun cartridges, sparking a rebellion by soldiers. On May 10, 1857, the Meerut sepoys rose up in armed revolt, and the next day they were welcomed by the Delhi sepoys and citizens, occupied Delhi, installed the Mughal emperor, and proclaimed the restoration of Mughal rule. The revolt then spread to other areas, and with the participation of citizens and peasants, developed into a mass riot, which spread to two-thirds of India within a few months. It was particularly fierce in the Awadh Kingdom and its surrounding areas, with Lucknow and Kanpur becoming fierce battlefields. The British sent a large number of reinforcements, and recovered Delhi in September 1857, captured the Mughal emperor, and was dethroned the following year in 1858. The British then forced the Nepalese king to agree to send in Gurkha troops (→ Gurkha tribe), occupied Lucknow in the Awadh Kingdom in March 1858, and then pacified other areas, issuing a statement on July 8, 1858, that the revolt had been put down. The situation at the time of the Indian Rebellion was a chain reaction explosion of dissatisfaction with British colonial rule, with no single entity to unify the nation, and no policies or organization to lead the rebellion.However, it was the first united anti-British struggle in Indian history, and it is also known as the first war of independence, so it has great historical significance.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
1857~58年,イギリス東インド会社支配下のインドで,インド人兵士による反英蜂起に市民や農民らが加わり,北インド,中央インド全域に拡大した反乱。「セポイの反乱」とも呼ばれた。セポイ sepoyはペルシア語源の兵士を意味するシパーヒー sipāhīの英語綴りをローマ字読みしたもので,東インド会社のインド人傭兵をさす。19世紀中頃,イギリスのとった強引なインド藩王国併合策はインドの支配者層をはじめ各階層の不満を高めていた。このような状況のもと,イギリス人がヒンドゥー教やイスラム教の教えを無視し,銃の弾薬包に弾丸や火薬を詰める際の潤滑剤としてウシとブタの脂を使っているという噂が広がり,これが兵士による反乱の口火となった。1857年5月10日メーラトのセポイが武装蜂起し,翌日にはデリーのセポイと市民に迎えられデリーを占領,ムガル皇帝を擁立しムガル帝国の統治復活を宣言した。以後,反乱は各地に波及し,市民,農民なども加わって大衆暴動に発展,数ヵ月後にはインド全土の 3分の2に広がった。特にアワド王国とその周辺で激しく,ラクノー(ラクナウ),カーンプルは激戦地となった。イギリスは多数の援軍を送り,1857年9月にはデリーを回復,ムガル皇帝は捕えられ,翌 1858年に廃位となった。イギリスはさらに,ネパール王にグルカー兵(→グルカー族)の出動を承諾させ,1858年3月にアワド王国のラクノーを占領,続いて各地を鎮定し,1858年7月8日反乱鎮圧の声明を出した。インド大反乱当時の情勢は,イギリスの植民地支配に対する不満が連鎖的に爆発したもので,民族的統一の主体もなく,反乱を指導すべき政策や組織もなかったが,インド史上最初の団結をもった反英闘争であり,最初の独立戦争とも呼ばれる点で歴史的意義は大きい。

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