Governor-General of India

Japanese: インド総督 - いんどそうとく(英語表記)Governor-General of India
Governor-General of India

The highest official position in India under British rule. It developed from the position of district head (governor) of the East India Company's trading posts. The Governor-General of Bengal was established by the Regulatory Act of 1773, and was renamed Governor-General of India by the Patent Act of 1833. When India became a Crown colony in 1858, the Governor-General also became Viceroy of India, governing British India as Governor-General and controlling the princely states as Viceroy. The Government Act of 1935 renamed the Viceroy to Representative of the King. A council was established under the Governor-General, and all powers of administration, judiciary, and command of British India were concentrated in the "Governor-General in Council." There were 33 Governor-Generals of Bengal and India between 1774 and 1947. Even after the independence of India and Pakistan (1947), the positions of Governor-General were retained in each country until the implementation of the presidential system.

[Minoru Takabatake]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリス統治下のインドの最高官職。東インド会社諸商館の管区長(知事)の職から発展したもので、1773年の規制法でベンガル総督が置かれ、1833年の特許法でインド総督と改称された。1858年にインドが国王直轄植民地となると、総督はインド副王を兼ね、総督としてイギリス領インドを統治し、副王として藩王諸国を統制した。1935年の統治法で、副王は国王代表と改称された。総督の下には参事会が置かれ「参事会における総督」にイギリス領インドの行政、司法、統帥の全権が集中された。1774~1947年の間のベンガル総督およびインド総督は33人を数えた。インド、パキスタンの独立(1947)後も、大統領制施行まではそれぞれに総督の職が存置された。

[高畠 稔]

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