A branch of the Indo-European language family. The oldest language in this branch is closely related to the Avestan language of the Iranian branch, and speakers of both branches called themselves Aryan, so it is also called the Indo-Aryan branch. Historically, Vedic, a complex inflected language, was standardized into Sanskrit, and Prakrit languages spread as the language of the people (remaining in the inscriptions of King Ashoka and Pali , etc.), and today it is divided into many languages, including Hindi (India), Urdu (Pakistan), Nepali (Nepal), Bengali (Bangladesh), Sinhalese (Sri Lanka), which are official languages of each country, as well as Punjabi, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Bihari, and Assamese, and is distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent except for the southern part. Romani, spoken in various parts of Europe, also belongs to this branch. ◇Also called the Indo-Aryan branch. Source: Kodansha Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages |
インドヨーロッパ語族の一語派。この語派の最古層にあるベーダ語がイラン語派のアベスタ語と近縁で、両派の話し手がアーリア人と自称していたことから、インドアーリア語派とも呼ばれる。歴史的には、複雑な屈折語であるベーダ語が規範化されたサンスクリット、民衆の言葉として広がったプラークリット諸語(アショーカ王の碑文(ひぶん)、パーリ語などとして残る)などをへて、現在では、各国の公用語であるヒンディー語(インド)、ウルドゥー語(パキスタン)、ネパール語(ネパール)、ベンガル語(バングラデシュ)、シンハラ語(スリランカ)をはじめ、パンジャーブ語、グジャラート語、カシミール語、ビハール語、アッサム語など多くの言語に分かれ、南部をのぞくインド亜大陸全域に分布している。ヨーロッパ各地で話されるロマーニ語もこの語派に属する。◇インドアーリア語派ともいう。
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