It is translated as a mortgage. It is a security system under Anglo-American law in which property such as land is transferred to the creditor as security for the performance of a debt, and is returned to the debtor when the debt is fulfilled. In the UK, originally the secured party had full ownership and actual possession until the debt was fulfilled, but nowadays this method of ownership transfer is not used. Today's methods are mostly based on the 1925 Property Acts, and include, for example, granting a common law lease (usually for 3000 years) of land by seal deed, and terminating the lease when the principal and interest are paid by a certain date. In the US, some states adopt the traditional concept of ownership transfer, but in many states a mortgage is simply interpreted as a lien. [Masao Horibe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
譲渡抵当と訳される。債務履行の担保として、土地などの財産を債権者に移転し、債務履行があれば、債務者にこれを返還するという、英米法上の担保制度である。イギリスでは、本来、担保権者が、債務が履行されるまで、完全な所有権をもち、実際に占有もしていたが、現在では所有権移転の方法はとられていない。今日の方式は大部分1925年の財産諸法によるもので、たとえば、捺印(なついん)証書により土地のコモン・ロー上のリース(通常3000年)を付与し、元本と利息を一定の期日までに支払えば、このリースは消滅するという方法などがある。アメリカでは、伝統的な所有権移転の概念を採用している州もあるが、多くの州においては、モーゲージは、単に先取特権と解釈されている。 [堀部政男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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