An evergreen tall tree of the family Mulberry (APG classification: Mulberry family). Native to northern India, Nepal, and Myanmar (Burma), it is widely cultivated in the tropics. It can reach a height of 30 meters, with many aerial roots hanging from the branches. The leaves are alternate and 20 to 30 centimeters long. The veins run at right angles to the central axis. There are about 10 horticultural varieties, including the yellow-spotted variegated cv. variegata , the white-spotted white-spotted cv. Doespheri , and the Decora cv. Decora , which has short, oval leaves and short petioles. Related species in the same genus include F. lyrata Warb., native to tropical Africa, with wavy leaves and normal veining, F. benjamina L., with finely branched and drooping branches, as well as the banyan tree and the Indian linden tree. The F. benjamina is native to India, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia, and some species start out as epiphytic plants on trees, spreading their aerial roots along the host, strangling it to death, and then growing and becoming independent. These ficus species are in the Ficus genus, with 800 species mainly in the paleotropics, and all of them exude a white milky juice when injured and have fig-shaped fruits. They require temperatures above 5°C in winter, and are propagated by cuttings. [Hiroshi Yuasa December 13, 2019] [References] | |Ficus Elastica Variegata, a horticultural variety of rubber tree. Irregular yellow-white spots appear along the leaf edges and veins. ©Shogakukan "> Filipino Rubber Tree Ficus benjamina, a horticultural variety of rubber tree. The branches are finely branched and drooping. ©Shogakukan "> Benjamina rubber tree Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
クワ科(APG分類:クワ科)の常緑高木。インド北部、ネパール、ミャンマー(ビルマ)が原産地。熱帯では広く栽植される。高さが30メートルに達し、枝から気根を多数垂れ下がらす。葉は互生し、長さ20~30センチメートル。葉脈は中軸に直角に出る。黄斑(きふ)入りのフイリインドゴムノキcv. variegata、白斑入りのシロフインドゴムノキcv. Doespheri、葉が短く卵形で、葉柄も短いデコラcv. Decoraなど10ほどの園芸品種がある。同属の近縁種には、熱帯アフリカ原産で葉が波打ち、通常の葉脈をもつカシワバゴムノキF. lyrata Warb.、枝が細かく分枝し垂れるベンジャミンゴムノキ(ベンジャミン、シダレガジュマル)F. benjamina L.のほか、ガジュマル、インドボダイジュなどがある。ベンジャミンゴムノキはインド、東南アジア、オーストラリア北部の原産で、なかには初めは樹上で着生し、気根が宿主に沿って広がり、宿主を絞め殺して枯らし、成長して独立する種類もある。これらのフィカス類はイチジク属であり、旧熱帯を中心に800種あり、いずれも傷つけると白い乳液を出し、果実はイチジク状である。冬季は5℃以上を必要とし、繁殖は挿木による。 [湯浅浩史 2019年12月13日] [参照項目] | |インドゴムノキの園芸品種フィカス・エラスティカ・バリエガータ。葉縁や葉脈に沿って、不規則に黄白色の斑が入る©Shogakukan"> フイリインドゴムノキ インドゴムノキの園芸品種フィカス・ベンジャミーナ。枝が細かく分枝し、垂れる©Shogakukan"> ベンジャミンゴムノキ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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