Hironaka Heisuke

Japanese: 広中平祐 - ひろなかへいすけ
Hironaka Heisuke

Mathematician. Born in Yuu-cho, Kuga-gun, Yamaguchi Prefecture (now Iwakuni City). Grew up with 15 siblings. After graduating from the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University in 1954 (Showa 29), he went on to graduate school at the same university and began his research on algebraic geometry in the laboratory of Yasuo Akizuki (1902-1984). He was strongly influenced by Oscar Zariski (1899-1986), a leading figure in algebraic geometry who came to Japan in 1956, and studied abroad at Harvard University in the fall of 1957. Under Zariski, who was surrounded by brilliant students such as David Mumford (1937-) and Michael Artin (1934-), he pursued research on the resolution of singularities in algebraic varieties. After obtaining his doctorate in 1960, he became an associate professor at Brandeis University, a professor at Columbia University in 1964, and a professor at Harvard University in 1968. Since Zariski solved the three-dimensional case (1950), there had been no significant progress in the problem of resolving singularities. In 1962, he solved it for algebraic varieties of characteristic zero, and in 1970, for general complex varieties. For these achievements, he received the Asahi Prize (1967) and the Japan Academy Prize (1970), and in 1970, he was the second Japanese to receive the Fields Medal after Kunihiko Kodaira. In 1975, he received the Order of Culture, and in 1976, he became a member of the Japan Academy. In 1975, he became a professor at the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University. He also devoted himself to nurturing young Japanese researchers, such as by starting a program to foster mathematical scientists and establishing the Japan Society for the Promotion of Mathematical Sciences. He served as president of Yamaguchi University from 1996 to 2002. In 1999, he became chairman of the Saito Kinen Foundation. He is a professor emeritus at Kyoto University and Harvard University. He was awarded the Légion d'honneur (Chevalier) in 2004. His wife, Wakako Hironaka, is a former member of the House of Councillors and former Director-General of the Environment Agency. His books include "Discovery of Academic Subjects" (1982).

[Tetsujiro Kamei February 18, 2019]

"Introduction to Analytical Spaces" by Hironaka Heisuke and Urabe Tosuke (1981 / reprinted in 2011, Asakura Shoten)""Discovery of Academics" (1982, Kosei Publishing / revised and retitled "Living and Learning", Shueisha Bunko)""Dictionary of Modern Mathematical Sciences" edited by Hironaka Heisuke et al. (1991, Osaka Shoseki, Maruzen / 2nd edition, 2009, Maruzen)"

[Reference] | Manifold

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

数学者。山口県玖珂(くが)郡由宇(ゆう)町(現、岩国市)生まれ。15人の兄弟姉妹のなかで成長する。1954年(昭和29)京都大学理学部数学科を卒業後、同大学大学院に進学、秋月康夫(1902―1984)の研究室で代数幾何学の研究を始める。1956年に来日した代数幾何学の大家ザリスキーOscar Zariski(1899―1986)から強い影響を受け、1957年秋ハーバード大学に留学、マンフォードDavid Mumford(1937― )、アルティンMichael Artin(1934― )ら俊才がひしめくザリスキーのもとで代数多様体の特異点解消に関する研究を進める。1960年博士号を取得後、ブランダイス大学準教授、1964年コロンビア大学教授を経て、1968年ハーバード大学教授となる。ザリスキーが三次元の場合を解決(1950)して以来、大きな進展がなかった特異点解消の問題を、1962年に標数0の代数多様体について、1970年に一般の複素多様体について、それぞれ解決した。これらの業績により朝日賞(1967)、日本学士院賞(1970)を受賞、さらに1970年にはフィールズ賞を受賞した(日本人では小平邦彦(こだいらくにひこ)に次いで2人目)。1975年文化勲章受章、1976年日本学士院会員。1975年より京都大学数理解析研究所教授を兼任する。また、数理科学者育成事業をおこし、財団法人数理科学振興会を設立するなど、日本の若手研究者の育成にも力を注いだ。1996~2002年山口大学学長。1999年サイトウ・キネン財団理事長に就任。京都大学・ハーバード大学名誉教授。2004年レジオン・ドヌール勲章(シュバリエ)受章。夫人の広中和歌子は元参議院議員、元環境庁長官。著書として『学問の発見』(1982)などがある。

[亀井哲治郎 2019年2月18日]

『広中平祐・卜部東介著『解析空間入門』(1981/復刊・2011・朝倉書店)』『『学問の発見』(1982・佼成出版社/改題改訂版『生きること学ぶこと』・集英社文庫)』『広中平祐他編『現代数理科学事典』(1991・大阪書籍、丸善発売/第2版、2009・丸善)』

[参照項目] | 多様体

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