Hirado Domain

The Hirado Matsuura clan, which emerged from the Matsuura clan, ruled the Hizen Matsuura region as a sengoku daimyo under Takanobu (Douka), but during the reign of his son Shigenobu (Hoin), the former territory was confirmed in 1587 (Tensho 15) by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the Kyushu territorial division, and in 1600 (Keicho 5) after the Battle of Sekigahara, the Tokugawa clan also recognized the domain, and the domain was established. Land surveys were conducted to form the domain of a modern daimyo from the domain of a sengoku daimyo, and the organization of vassals was promoted, but the vassals were notable for the creation of clans and the appointment of new vassals, forming a foundation for strengthening the power of the domain lord. The initial kokudaka (rice yield) was 63,200 koku, but in 1664 (Kanbun 4), the fourth lord, Shigenobu (Tensho), gave 1,500 koku to his cousin Nobusada and Imabuku, raising the total to 61,700 koku.

When Hirado flourished as a trading center, trade profits were one of the pillars of the feudal lord's finances, but when the Dutch trading post moved to Dejima in Nagasaki in 1641 (Kan'ei 18), the feudal lord was forced to look more to rural areas for financial support. The control of the vassals' local areas also changed during the Jokyo period (1684-1688) due to the policy of storing rice. In 1689 (Genroku 2) during the reign of the 5th lord Takashi (Yuka), 10,000 koku of new land was divided and given to his younger brother Masashi, creating the Hirado Shinden Domain. During the reign of the 9th lord Kiyoshi (Seizan), the domain school Ishinkan was established and the Jomen system was implemented. The book written by the scholarly lord Kiyoshi was titled "Kashiyawa." In the late Edo period, military reforms were carried out to organize a large rifle corps in order to guard Nagasaki, but the political line was based on the merger of the Imperial Court and the military. In July 1871 (Meiji 4), the domain was abolished and became Hirado Prefecture, which was then merged with Nagasaki Prefecture in November.

[Nagano, Japan]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

肥前国北松浦郡と壱岐(いき)国（ともに長崎県）を領有した外様(とざま)藩。松浦(まつら)党のなかから台頭した平戸松浦氏は隆信(たかのぶ)（道可）のとき戦国大名として肥前松浦地域を支配したが、その子鎮信(しげのぶ)（法印）の代、1587年（天正15）の豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉の九州知行割(ちぎょうわり)において、旧領が安堵(あんど)され、さらに関ヶ原戦ののち、1600年（慶長5）に徳川氏からも領有が認められ当藩が成立した。戦国大名領国から近世大名領国形成のために検地が行われ家臣団編成が進められたが、家臣団においては、一門創出と新参家臣の登用が目だち、藩主権力を強める基盤を形成した。石高(こくだか)は当初6万3200石であったが、1664年（寛文4）4代鎮信(しげのぶ)（天祥）が従弟信貞(のぶさだ)に今福(いまぶく)に1500石を分知したので6万1700石となった。

　平戸が貿易地として栄えた段階では貿易利潤が大名財政の一支柱ともなったが、1641年（寛永18）にオランダ商館が長崎出島(でじま)に移転したことにより、財政基盤をより郷村に求めざるをえなくなった。家臣の在地支配も貞享(じょうきょう)期（1684～88）に蔵米取(くらまいどり)化政策によって変化した。5代棟(たかし)（雄香）の代の1689年（元禄2）に新田1万石が弟昌(まさし)に分封されて平戸新田藩が創設された。9代藩主清(きよし)（静山(せいざん)）の代に藩校維新館が設けられ、また、定免(じょうめん)制が施行された。好学の藩主清の著書に『甲子夜話(かっしやわ)』がある。長崎警備の関係で幕末期には大銃隊編成の軍事改革が行われたが、政治路線は公武合併を基調としたものであった。1871年（明治4）7月廃藩、平戸県となり、11月長崎県に統合された。

［長野　暹］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例