Sumiyoshi School - Sumiyoshi

Japanese: 住吉派 - すみよしは

A school of Yamato-e painting founded by Sumiyoshi Jokei in the early Edo period and continued until the Meiji period. Jokei and his son Gukei are famous.

[Etsuko Kato]

Sumiyoshi Yoshiyoshi

(1598-1670) His given name was Hiromichi or Hiromichi. He was commonly known as Naiki. He was born in Sakai and called Tosa Mitsuhisa. He was a Kyoto Yamato-e painter. He was a pupil of Tosa Mitsuyoshi (some say he was Mitsuyoshi's son and Mitsunori's younger brother), but in 1661 (Kanbun 1) he shaved his head and was given the name Jokei. He was ordered by Emperor Gosai to change his surname to Sumiyoshi in order to revive the style of Sumiyoshi Keion (also known as Keinin), a painter from the mid-Kamakura period. Jokei followed the gentle and detailed style of the Tosa school, but also showed his talent in friendly portraits and Chinese-style expressions. He also went to the Kanto region as an official painter for the shogunate, where he established the tradition of Yamato-e. His posthumous works include "Toshogu Shrine Legend Illustrated Scroll" and "Mushi Uta-awase Emaki."

[Etsuko Kato]

Sumiyoshi Tomoyoshi

(1631-1705) Son of Nyokei. His name was Hirozumi, later Hirosumi and Naiki. In 1683 (Tenwa 3), he was summoned to Edo, and in 1685 (Jokyo 2), he was appointed as the shogunate's inner court painter, which led to the development of the Sumiyoshi school into a school of painting comparable to the Tosa school in Kyoto. He inherited much of his father's style, but the facial expressions of the figures were more exaggerated, and his realistic depictions are well utilized in works such as "Capital and Countryside Scrolls" and "Rakuchu Rakugai Zukan," which depict the customs of the same period.

The school continued to exist until the Meiji period under Hiroyasu, Hiromori, and others, but it remained conservative and did not see any remarkable development. Keishu, a disciple of the fourth Hiromori, founded the Itaya family, and Keiba founded the Awataguchi family.

[Etsuko Kato]

Sumiyoshi School / Brief family tree
©Shogakukan ">

Sumiyoshi School / Brief family tree

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

江戸初期に住吉如慶(じょけい)によって創始され、明治まで続いた大和絵(やまとえ)系の画派。如慶とその子具慶(ぐけい)が有名。

［加藤悦子］

住吉如慶

（1598―1670）名は広通または広道。通称内記。堺(さかい)の出身で土佐光陳(とさみつひさ)といい、京都の大和絵の画家。土佐光吉(みつよし)の門人（一説にはその子で、光則の弟ともいわれる）であったが、1661年（寛文1）に剃髪(ていはつ)して如慶の号を賜り、さらに後西天皇(ごさいてんのう)の命で、鎌倉中期の画家、住吉慶恩（慶忍とも）の画系を復興するために姓を住吉と改めた。如慶は、穏やかで細緻(さいち)な土佐派の画風を踏襲しつつ、親しみやすい人物描写や漢画的な表現に本領を発揮した。また幕府の御用絵師として関東にも赴き、この地に大和絵の伝統をおこした。『東照宮縁起絵巻』『虫歌合絵詞』などの遺作がある。

［加藤悦子］

住吉具慶

（1631―1705）如慶の子。名は広純、のちに広澄、内記。1683年（天和3）江戸に召し出されて1685年（貞享2）には幕府の奥絵師に任じられ、このため住吉派は京都の土佐派に匹敵する画派に成長した。父の画風をよく受け継いだが、人物の表情はより誇張され、その現実感豊かな描写は同時代の風俗を描いた『都鄙図巻(とひずかん)』『洛中洛外図巻(らくちゅうらくがいずかん)』などによく生かされている。

　同派は以後、広保、広守など明治まで存続するが、守旧性に終始して目覚ましい展開はみられない。4代広守の門下であった慶舟(けいしゅう)は板谷(いたや)家を、同じく慶羽は粟田口(あわたぐち)家をたててそれぞれ一家をなした。

［加藤悦子］

住吉派／略系図

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