Second - biyou (English spelling) second

Japanese: 秒 - びょう(英語表記)second
Second - biyou (English spelling) second
(1) A unit of angle. Its symbol is ". It is 1/60 of a minute and 1/3600 of a degree. (2) The SI base unit of time. Its symbol is s. One s is the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels ( F = 4, M = 0 and F = 3, M = 0) of the ground state of the cesium-133 atom (Conference General des Poids et Mesures, 1967). This is called atomic time, AT. Three units of time are used in combination with the second: minutes, hours, and days. Time was originally defined based on one day as the Earth rotates on its axis, but as it became clear that there were variations in the rotation of the Earth, and that some days were longer than others, the General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union in 1935 first determined that "one s is 1/(24 × 60 × 60) of the mean solar day. " and adopted universal time, taking into account the longitude of the observation point, as the universal time system. The mean solar day is a day when the imaginary mean sun moves uniformly along the equator at the average annual speed of the sun, giving uniformity to the angular velocity of the earth's rotation. However, with the development of quartz clocks, secular declines in the angular velocity of the earth's rotation and sudden irregular changes became evident, so a more stable time system was adopted at the Conférence Générale International des Poids et Mesures in 1960. In other words, "1 s is 1/31556925.9747 of a solar year calculated based on the average angular velocity of the earth's revolution at 12:00 on January 0, 1900." This is called ephemeris time, ET. The change from universal time to ephemeris time was the biggest change since the beginning of history, when the standard of time shifted from the earth's rotation to its revolution. In an even shorter period of time, the standard of time shifted to atoms, giving birth to atomic time, AT.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
(1) 角度の単位 記号は″。1分の 1/60 ,1度の 1/3600 。 (2) 時間のSI基本単位 記号はs。 1sはセシウム 133 原子の基底状態の2つの超微細準位 ( F=4,M=0およびF=3,M=0 ) 間の遷移に対応する放射の 91億 9263万 1770 周期の継続時間である (1967年国際度量衡総会) 。これを原子時 ATという。時間の単位としては秒とともに,分,時,日の3単位が併用されている。時間はもともと地球の自転に伴う1日に基づいて定められたが,基準となる地球の自転に変動があり,1日に長短のあることが明らかになってきたので,まず 1935年国際天文学連合総会が「1sは平均太陽日の 1/(24×60×60) 」と定義し,観測点の経度を考慮にいれた世界時を世界共通の時系として採用した。平均太陽日とは太陽の年間平均速度で赤道上を等速運動する仮想の平均太陽による1日で,地球の自転角速度に一様性を与えるものであった。しかし水晶時計の発達により,自転角速度の永年減少や突然の不規則変化が明らかとなったので,さらに不変性の高い時系が 60年の国際度量衡総会で採用された。つまり「1sは 1900年1月0日 12時における地球の公転の平均角速度に基づいて算出した1太陽年の 1/31556925.9747 とする」というものであった。これを暦表時 ETという。世界時から暦表時への変更は,時間の基準が地球の自転から公転へと移った有史以来の大変更であった。さらに短期間に,時間の基準は原子へ移って原子時 ATの誕生となった。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Bottle - Bin (English spelling) bottle

>>:  Beauty - Beauty

Recommend

Plusinae

…General term for insects belonging to the family...

maphrian

…the title of bishop second only to patriarch in ...

Alkali cellulose - Arukariserurosu (English spelling)

It is a reaction product of cellulose and alkali ...

Krupp Stahl AG

...The company is a holding company, with about 7...

SHF - SHF

Abbreviation for super high frequency. One of the...

Kaihoku faction

Kaihoku Yusho was the founder of this school of p...

Example - tehon

〘noun〙① A book written to be kept nearby as a mode...

Leucojum aestivum (English name) Leucojumaestivum

…[Tora Saburo Kawabata]. … *Some of the terminolo...

Canoe Indian

… [Keiko Imai] [Fuego] The indigenous people who ...

Agricultural statistics

A general term for statistics related to agricultu...

Kanigsburg, EL - Kanigsburg

...Other authors include E. G. Speare, who wrote ...

Imanishi Family Residence

...A town in the former Takaichi district, part o...

Land Bridge

...The submarine canyons of the continental shelf...

Bisai [city] - Bisai

An old city on the left bank of the Kiso River in ...

May, J. (English spelling) MayJ

…Born in Vienna. He studied architecture and art,...