An evergreen coniferous tall tree of the Pinaceae family (classification based on molecular phylogeny: Pinaceae). Its English name is Himalayan cedar. Large trees can reach a height of 50 meters and a diameter of 3 meters. The crown is a neat cone shape. The bark is gray-brown with cracks and peels off. The leaves are needle-like and alternate on long young branches, and many grow together on short branches. It is monoecious. It blooms from October to November. The male flowers grow in oblong spikes that stand upright at the ends of short branches. The female flowers are cone-shaped and solitary, light green. One or two cones stand upright on short branches, are ovoid or oblong, 6 to 13 cm long and 5 to 6 cm in diameter, and ripen to dark brown in October to November of the following year. When ripe, the fruit scales loosen and fall off, leaving only the rachis. It grows naturally in the northwestern Himalayas, in mountainous areas of Afghanistan at 1,000 to 4,000 meters above sea level. It is now widely planted in parks and gardens around the world. It was introduced to Japan in about 1879 (Meiji 12), and is planted in various locations from Hokkaido (south of the central part) to Kyushu. Its wood is durable and fragrant, and in its native land it is used for architecture, civil engineering, ships, lumber, tools, etc. Similar species include the Lebanon cedar ( C. libanii A.Rich.) from Lebanon and the Atlas cedar (C. atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carr.) from the Atlas Mountains of North Africa, which were introduced to Japan and are rarely planted there. [Yayoi Hayashi, May 21, 2018] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
マツ科(分子系統に基づく分類:マツ科)の常緑針葉高木。英語名はヒマラヤシーダー。大きいものは高さ50メートル、径3メートルに達する。樹冠は端正な円錐(えんすい)形。樹皮は灰褐色で割れ目ができ、はげ落ちる。葉は針状で長く伸びた若枝では互生し、短枝では多数がいっしょに出る。雌雄同株。10~11月、開花する。雄花は長楕円(ちょうだえん)形の穂になり、短枝の先に直立する。雌花は円錐形をなして単生し、浅緑色。球果は短枝に1、2個直立し、卵形または長卵形で長さ6~13センチメートル、径5~6センチメートル、翌年の10~11月に暗褐色に熟す。成熟すると果鱗(かりん)が緩み、果軸だけ残して脱落する。ヒマラヤ北西部、アフガニスタンの海抜1000~4000メートルの山地に自生する。現在、世界各国の公園、庭園に広く植栽されている。日本には1879年(明治12)ころ渡来し、北海道(中央部以南)から九州の各地に植栽されている。材は、耐久力が強くて芳香があり、原産地では建築、土木、船、用材、器具などに利用する。類似種にレバノン産のレバノンスギ(レバノンシーダー)C. libanii A.Rich.と北アフリカのアトラス山脈産のアトラスシーダーC. atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carr.があり、日本にも渡来し、まれに植栽されている。 [林 弥栄 2018年5月21日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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