Medical malpractice - iryoukago (English spelling) malpractice

Japanese: 医療過誤 - いりょうかご（英語表記）malpractice

Also known as medical malpractice, this refers to errors in medical practice in general. Causes include insufficient medical knowledge, immature medical techniques, overall sloppiness in medical practice, and the use of inappropriate drugs and medical equipment. Specific examples include misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, surgical errors, injection accidents, blood transfusion accidents, use of the wrong medication, and nursing errors. Unforeseen medical events, or medical accidents, are not uncommon, but whether or not they are due to medical malpractice is determined by examining the medical standards at the time and the specific circumstances surrounding the medical practice. Medical professionals who commit medical malpractice are held responsible under criminal law (professional negligence resulting in death or injury), civil law (tort, liability for damages due to breach of contract), and administrative law (revocation of medical license, etc.). Disputes between medical professionals and patients, including those involving medical malpractice, are generally called medical disputes.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

診療過誤ともいい，医療行為一般の誤りをさす。医学知識の不足，医療技術の未熟，診療行為の全体としての疎漏さ，不適切な薬剤や医療器具の使用などが原因となる。具体的には誤診，診断の遅延，手術過誤，注射事故，輸血事故，誤薬使用，看護の過誤などが多い。医療上予期しないこと，すなわち医療事故はまれではないが，それが医療過誤によるものかどうかは，当時の医療水準や，その医療行為をめぐる具体的な状況を検討して判断される。医療過誤を犯した医療関係者は，刑法上 (業務上過失致死傷罪) ，民事上 (不法行為，債務不履行による損害賠償責任) ，行政上 (医師免許取消しなど) の責任を問われる。医療過誤を含めて，医療関係者と患者との間の争いを一般に医事紛争という。

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