Hinoshi Kaisan - Hinoshi Kaisan

A person who is unrivaled in the world, or an outstanding person. Today, it is mainly a synonym for Yokozuna sumo wrestlers. In 1682 (Tenwa 2), the Edo Shogunate issued an order to prohibit martial artists and entertainers from misusing the term "Tenkaichi." After that, the word "hinoshita," which is synonymous with "Tenka," was added and the term was changed to "Kusaka Kaizan." During the Genroku period (1688-1704) when Kanjin Sumo events were held, Ozeki who showed outstanding strength and wrestlers who had not lost for years were praised as "Kusaka Kaizan" or "Kusaka Sumo Kaizan," and later the term came to refer to Yokozuna wrestlers.

[Masao Ikeda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

天下無双の強者、また優れた者のこと。いまはおもに横綱力士の代名詞。1682年（天和2）、江戸幕府は武芸者・芸能者らが「天下一」の呼称を乱用するので、禁止命令を布告。その後は天下と同義語の日の下を冠し「日下開山」といいかえるようになった。元禄(げんろく)年間（1688～1704）に勧進相撲(かんじんずもう)の興行の際、抜群の強さをみせた大関や、何年も負けたことのない力士を「日下開山」または「日下相撲開山」と褒めそやしたことから、のちに横綱力士をさすようになった。

［池田雅雄］

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