Bizen Land Survey

Land surveys were carried out in the Tensho, Bunroku and Keicho periods by Ina Bizen no Kami Tadatsugu, a magistrate in the early Edo period. They were originally called Kumazo Nawa, or also called the Ina Land Survey. They are representative of the Tokugawa's land surveys, along with the Iwami Land Survey carried out by Okubo Nagayasu. The surveys began in 1589 and 1590 (Tensho 17 and 18), and after the Tokugawa entered the Kanto region, they continued through the Tensho and Bunroku periods until 1609 (Keicho 14). Land surveys were carried out in Izu, Musashi, Sagami, Kozuke, Shimousa, Hitachi, and even Totomi and Owari. At first, a survey pole measuring 6 shaku 5 sun (approximately 1.97 meters) was used, and later 6 shaku 1 bu (approximately 1.82 meters), with 6 shaku 1 bu squared being 1 bu (step), and 300 bu being 1 tan (tan). In reality, the survey was carried out by Okochi Kinbei, a senior retainer, and assistants Hakamada Shichiemon and Arai Chuemon, with the aim of restoring the devastated farming villages and accurately grasping their productivity, but the 1602 land survey of Hitachi is called the "Keicho Kaho" and is said to have been an attempt to increase the feudal lord's share of the land. The Bizen land survey basically accepted the agricultural management of the myoshu class that had continued since the Sengoku period, but positioned them as bearers of taxes and labor services, and on the other hand aimed to protect and stabilize management while promoting the independence of small farmers.

[Nao Murakami]

"Ina Tadatsugu Documents Collection" by Seiji Izumi (1981, Literature Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸前期の代官頭(がしら)伊奈備前守(いなびぜんのかみ)忠次(ただつぐ)が実施した天正(てんしょう)・文禄(ぶんろく)・慶長(けいちょう)期の検地。初めはその通称により熊蔵縄(くまぞうなわ)、別に伊奈検地ともいう。大久保長安(ながやす)の石見(いわみ)検地と並ぶ代表的検地である。1589、90年（天正17、18）徳川氏の五か国総検地に始まり、関東入国後は、天正・文禄期を経て1609年（慶長14）に至る。検地の実施は、伊豆(いず)、武蔵(むさし)、相模(さがみ)、上野(こうずけ)、下総(しもうさ)、常陸(ひたち)から遠江(とおとうみ)、尾張(おわり)にも及んだ。初めは6尺5寸（約1.97メートル）、のち6尺1分（約1.82メートル）の検地竿(ざお)を用い、6尺1分四方を1歩(ぶ)、300歩を1反(たん)とした。実際は家老格の大河内金兵衛(おおこうちきんべえ)や手代の袴田七右衛門(はかまだしちえもん)、新井忠右衛門(あらいちゅうえもん)らが行い、荒廃した農村の復興と生産力の正確な把握を目的としていたが、1602年の常陸の検地は「慶長の苛法(かほう)」とよばれ、領主取り分の増加を企てたともいわれる。備前検地は基本的には戦国期以来の名主(みょうしゅ)層の農業経営を容認しながら、彼らを年貢・夫役(ぶやく)の負担者に位置づけ、さらに他方では小農民の自立化を志向しながら、経営の保護と安定化をねらいとしたものである。

［村上　直］

『和泉清司著『伊奈忠次文書集成』（1981・文献出版）』

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