In a crystal, atoms (or molecules) are arranged in a regular, periodic pattern (translational symmetry). In contrast, a solid in which the arrangement or connections of atoms are significantly disordered is called a non-crystalline or amorphous solid. This state is also called an amorphous state. An example of an amorphous solid that is familiar to us is silica glass (SiO 2 ), which is used in windows and tableware. The situation is the same as in crystalline SiO 2 (quartz), in that the Si atoms have four bonds connecting them to O atoms, and the O atoms have two bonds connecting them to Si atoms, but in silica glass the overall network of connections is significantly disordered and non-regular. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
結晶の中では原子(または分子)は周期的に規則正しく(並進対称性)並んでいる。これに対して,原子の配置あるいは原子のつながりが大きく乱れた固体を,非晶質固体あるいはアモルファス固体という。またこのような状態を無定形状態という。われわれの身近にある非晶質固体の例は,窓や食器に使われているシリカガラス(SiO2)である。Si原子から結合の手が4本出てO原子とつながり,O原子は結合の手を2本もってSi原子とつながっているという事情は結晶SiO2(水晶)と変わらないが,全体としてのつながりの網目が大きく乱れて規則性がないのがシリカガラスである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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