Adaptation method - Kaisakuho

Agricultural reforms during the establishment of the Kaga Domain. The grandfather of the first lord of the domain, Maeda Tsunanori, Maeda Toshitsune (the third lord) and his guardian from 1651 (Keian 4) to 1656 (Meireki 2), Maeda Toshitsune implemented these reforms, covering a wide range of areas. The gist of the reforms was to cut off the gap between stipends and peasants, to restrict the stipends' arbitrary exploitation of the peasants, to improve the land and tax system, and to establish control over villages with the Tomura (equivalent to the headman) at the core, thereby stabilizing tax revenues. In addition, the reforms were to thoroughly subsidize peasants and give them the ability to reproduce. In order to maintain an appropriate level of holdings, the reforms even involved the expulsion and replacement of peasants. Eventually, this law was expanded and refined as Tsunanori grew, and it led to the development of the domain's unique agricultural policies, including the establishment of a bugyo (a magistrate of agricultural affairs) to exclusively handle agricultural affairs, the development of the ten village head system, the institutionalization of land division practices, and the implementation of the Kiridaka law, and it was passed down for a long time as the ancestral law.

[Kisaburo Wakabayashi]

"Kisaburo Wakabayashi, Research on the Agricultural Policy of the Kaga Domain, Volume 1" (1970, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

加賀藩成立期の農政改革。5代藩主前田綱紀(つなのり)の初世、1651年（慶安4）から56年（明暦2）にかけて、その後見役をしていた祖父前田利常(としつね)（3代藩主）が施行したもので、内容は多方面にわたる。その骨子は、給人(きゅうにん)・百姓間を遮断して給人の専恣(せんし)な百姓収奪を規制し、土地・租税制度の整備、十村(とむら)（大庄屋(おおじょうや)にあたる）を中核とする郷村支配の確立をもって租税収入の安定化を図ったうえ、百姓助成を徹底的に行い、その再生産能力を付与するにあった。持高の適正規模を維持するために、しきりに百姓の追放や入れ替えまで強行している。やがてこの仕法は、綱紀の成長につれて拡大・整備され、農政専行の改作奉行(ぶぎょう)の設置、十村制度の整備、田地割慣行の制度化、切高(きりだか)仕法の施行など、この藩独自の農政を展開することになり、長く祖法として継承された。

［若林喜三郎］

『若林喜三郎著『加賀藩農政史の研究　上巻』（1970・吉川弘文館）』

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