This refers to fabric that is coated with adhesives such as lacquer and paste using a stencil, and then gold leaf or powder is applied on top to create a pattern. In China, it is called shoukin, and it was most developed around the Song dynasty, but the technique itself is much older; it has existed as a decorative dyeing and weaving technique since before Christ, as is evident from the example of "gold and silver stamped silk" excavated in 1972 from the Western Han tomb No. 1 in Changsha. There are many examples of Chinese Yuan and Ming dynasties in Japan that were imported from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period, and some of them are familiar today as "famous cloth." Inspired by these foreign inkin, Japan produced imitations of them, known as Nara inkin and Kyo inkin, but these have inferior gold leaf and are not as high quality as Chinese inkin. Similar techniques are also found in the southern islands of Java and Bali, as well as in India, where they are used in conjunction with pattern dyeing and kasuri to add a gorgeous beauty. Examples include inkin sarasa and gold sarasa, the former of which is made up of an independent pattern made of gold leaf or gold paint, and the latter of which is made up of gold leaf or gold paint added as a secondary part of the sarasa pattern. On the other hand, surihaku, a technique developed in Japan from the Muromachi and Momoyama periods as a decoration technique for kosode (short sleeve sleeves), is technically the same type as inkin, but it has been used in combination with embroidery and shibori, or alone, to create magnificent kosode patterns. [Ogasawara Sae] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
布帛(ふはく)に型を用いて漆、糊(のり)などの接着剤を置き、その上に金箔(きんぱく)あるいは金粉を施して文様を表したものをいう。中国では銷金(しょうきん)とよび、これがもっとも発達したのは宋(そう)時代のころからであるが、技術そのものはもっと古く、近年(1972)長沙(ちょうさ/チャンシャー)馬王堆(まおうたい)1号前漢墓から出土した「金銀印花紗(いんかしゃ)」の作例によっても明らかなように、染織の加飾技術の一つとして紀元前から存在していたものである。日本には中世末から近世にかけて輸入された、中国元(げん)・明(みん)代の作例が多数残っており、そのうちのあるものは今日「名物裂(ぎれ)」として親しまれている。こうした外来の印金に触発され、これを模して日本で製作されたものに奈良印金、京印金とよばれるものがあるが、これらは金箔の質が劣り、中国の印金ほど上質のものではない。また同種の技術は南方のジャワ島やバリ島、あるいはインドの染織品のなかにもあり、模様染めや絣(かすり)と併用されて華やかな美しさを添えている。たとえば印金更紗(さらさ)、金更紗とよばれるものがそれで、とくに前者は金箔あるいは金泥で独立した模様を構成しているもの、後者は更紗模様の一部に補助的に金箔、金泥の加えられたものをさしている。 一方、日本で室町・桃山時代のころから小袖(こそで)の加飾技法として発達した「摺箔(すりはく)」も技法的には印金と同種のものであるが、これは刺しゅうや絞りと併用したり、単独に用いたりして、みごとな小袖文様を形成してきた。 [小笠原小枝] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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