Emergency arrest - emergency arrest

Japanese: 緊急逮捕 - きんきゅうたいほ
Emergency arrest - emergency arrest

When a public prosecutor, public prosecutor's assistant officer, or judicial police officer has sufficient reason to suspect that a crime punishable by death or life imprisonment or imprisonment for a maximum term of three years or more has been committed, and when urgency is required and a judge's arrest warrant cannot be obtained, the public prosecutor, public prosecutor's assistant officer, or judicial police officer may arrest the suspect by informing him of the reason (Criminal Procedure Law, Article 210). This is called emergency arrest. In this case, the procedure to obtain an arrest warrant from a judge must be carried out immediately, and if an arrest warrant cannot be obtained, the suspect must be released immediately. If the procedure to obtain an arrest warrant is not carried out immediately after the arrest, the arrest becomes illegal, and the statements of the suspect obtained during that time will not be admissible as evidence (precedent). There is a theoretical dispute over the constitutionality of emergency arrest. Article 33 of the Constitution provides that arrests shall be made with an arrest warrant in principle, and that the only exception to this is arrests without a warrant in the case of a red-handed crime. Therefore, some argue that emergency arrests are unconstitutional. However, Article 33 of the Constitution can be interpreted as listing arrests in flagrante delicto as cases where arrests are reasonable even without the exercise of judicial restraint, and it is thought that exceptions can be recognized in cases where there is a similar rationality, so it can be said that it is not unconstitutional. Case law has also found emergency arrests to be constitutional.

[Ichiro Uchida and Morikazu Taguchi]

[Reference item] | Arrest | Arrest warrant

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

検察官、検察事務官または司法警察職員は、死刑または無期もしくは長期3年以上の懲役もしくは禁錮にあたる罪を犯したことを疑うに足りる十分な理由がある場合で、急速を要し、裁判官の逮捕状を求められないときは、その理由を告げて被疑者を逮捕することができる(刑事訴訟法210条)。これを緊急逮捕という。この場合には、ただちに裁判官の逮捕状を求める手続をする必要があり、逮捕状が発せられないときは、ただちに被疑者を釈放しなければならない。逮捕後、ただちに逮捕状を求める手続をとらなかった場合には、その逮捕は違法となり、その間に得られた被疑者の供述は証拠能力がないことになる(判例)。緊急逮捕の合憲性については学説上争いがある。憲法第33条は、逮捕状による逮捕を原則とし、例外として令状なくして逮捕することができるのは現行犯逮捕の場合だけであると規定しているので、緊急逮捕は憲法に反するとする説もある。しかし、憲法第33条は、司法的抑制を働かせなくても逮捕が合理的である場合として現行犯逮捕を掲げていると解することができ、これに準ずる合理性がある場合にも例外を認めることができると考えられるので、憲法に反するものではないといえよう。判例も、緊急逮捕を合憲としている。

[内田一郎・田口守一]

[参照項目] | 逮捕 | 逮捕状

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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