This is a type of tomb built mainly in the Kamakura region (present-day Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture) from the middle of the Kamakura period to the first half of the Muromachi period. "Yagura" is a pseudonym, and "kutsu" (grove) has been called "yagura" in Kamakura since the Edo period. Kamakura is surrounded by mountains on three sides and sea on the other, so the urban area is limited. Therefore, the slope of the mountain was chosen as the burial ground, and a "yagura" (a tower) was built by digging a horizontal hole into the tuff on the slope. The shape is similar to the horizontal hole tombs built from the Kofun period to the Heian period, and the remains and bones were buried in a rectangular chamber measuring 2 to 4 meters on each side, and stone Buddha statues and stupas were also placed there for memorial services for the deceased. Currently, about 1,200 are known to exist, and it is believed that they appeared in connection with the Vinaya sect and then became more common and developed to replace the tombs on flat land. The influence of wooden architecture can be seen in the internal structure of the early ones. [Shuichi Sakazume] "Kamakura's Towers - The Pure Land of Warriors" by Tatsuhiko Omiwa (1977, Kamakura Shunjusha) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鎌倉時代中ごろより室町時代前半にかけて鎌倉地域(現神奈川県鎌倉市)を中心としてつくられた墳墓の一型式である。「矢倉」は宛字(あてじ)で、「窟」を鎌倉では江戸時代より「やぐら」と称呼してきている。 鎌倉は、三方が山、一方が海の地形のため都市域が限定されている。そこで、山の斜面が墳墓地に選ばれ、斜面の凝灰岩(ぎょうかいがん)を横穴状に掘って「やぐら」が営まれた。形状は、古墳時代より平安時代にかけて築造された横穴墓と類似し、1辺2~4メートルの矩形(くけい)状の玄室に遺骸(いがい)・遺骨を埋葬し、あわせて被葬者供養(くよう)などのため石製の仏像・塔婆(とうば)が配された。 現在、約1200基の存在が知られ、律宗教団との関係において出現し、以降、平地の墳墓堂にかわって一般化して発達したものと説かれている。初期のものは内部構造に木造建築の影響が認められている。 [坂詰秀一] 『大三輪龍彦著『鎌倉のやぐら――もののふの浄土』(1977・かまくら春秋社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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