Cryptogam - Cryptogam

Japanese: 隠花植物 - いんかしょくぶつ
Cryptogam - Cryptogam

A general term for plants that reproduce by spores without producing flowers. In Species of Plants (1753), Linnaeus classified the plant kingdom into 24 classes, of which ferns, mosses, algae, and fungi were grouped together as cryptogams. Later, French botanist AT Brongniart broadly classified the plant kingdom according to whether it has flowers or not, classifying flowering plants as flowering plants and non-flowering plants as cryptogams. Cryptogams reproduce by spores and have a simple body structure without vascular bundles, but since they are phylogenetically distinct taxonomic groups, they are usually classified as thallus plants, mosses, and ferns. Thallus plants have unicellular reproductive organs that are not surrounded by vegetative cells. Ferns have stems and leaves with well-developed vascular bundles, and the asexual generation is dominant. Bryophytes have well-developed sexual generations, multicellular reproductive organs, and little differentiation of stems and leaves. Thus, cryptogams are an artificial classification of non-seeding plants and are rarely used in modern taxonomy.

[Akiko Sugiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

花をつけないで胞子で繁殖する植物の総称。リンネが『植物の種』(1753)で植物界を24綱に分類し、そのなかでシダ類、コケ類、藻類、菌類を一つにまとめて隠花植物とした。のちにフランスの植物学者ブロニャールA. T. Brongniartが植物界を花の有無で大別し、花をつけるものを顕花植物、花のないものを隠花植物にまとめた。隠花植物は胞子で繁殖し、維管束のない簡単な体制をもつが、系統発生上は異なる分類群なので、普通これを葉状植物、コケ植物、シダ植物に分けて扱う。葉状植物は生殖器官が単細胞で、その外側を栄養細胞が囲んでいない。シダ植物には維管束がよく発達した茎と葉があり、無性世代が優勢である。コケ植物は有性世代がよく発達し、生殖器官は多細胞で、茎と葉の分化は小さい。このように隠花植物は種子をつくらない植物群の人為的分類に基づいたものであり、現在の分類学上ではほとんど用いられていない。

[杉山明子]

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