Quantum field theory has been extended to give elementary particles an inherent attribute of extent. In conventional quantum field theory, fields are defined at each point in the space-time world, and the interaction of fields is determined by the product of the quantities of each field at the same point. Hideki Yukawa and others believed that the difficulty of divergence could be eliminated by relaxing the locality of such fields, and proposed nonlocal field theory. However, a theory that can eliminate divergence without contradicting causality or Lorentz covariance has yet to be created. Another feature of this theory is that by introducing an internal structure to elementary particles, it is possible to derive the spectral series of elementary particles. There have also been attempts to formulate composite particle theories such as the quark model using nonlocal fields. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
素粒子に固有の属性として広がりを付与できるように拡張された場の量子論。従来の場の量子論では,場は時空世界の各点で定義され,場の相互作用は同一点でのそれぞれの場の量の積で決る。湯川秀樹らは,このような場の局所性を緩和することにより発散の困難が除去されると考え,非局所場理論を提唱した。しかし因果律やローレンツ共変性と矛盾することなく発散を除去できる理論はいまだにつくられていない。この理論のもう1つの特徴は,素粒子に内部構造を導入することによって,素粒子のスペクトル系列が導出可能なことである。クォーク模型のような複合粒子理論を非局所場で定式化しようとする試みもある。
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