Najib (English spelling)

In 1952, the Cairo Arson Incident occurred during the anti-British struggle, and in the resulting anarchy, Nasser staged a coup in Egypt (July 23rd), plotting a revolution that would "spurt forth from the hearts of the people and respond to their wishes" (Nasser's Philosophy of the Revolution). On July 26th, he ousted King Farouk, and on June 18th the following year, he proclaimed the establishment of a republic. However, because Nasser was initially unknown, he chose Muḥammad Najīb (1901-1984), who was popular among the people, as his leader. However, he came into conflict with Najīb over land reform and the return of the traditional parliamentary system, and it was not until 1954 that Nasser's government stabilized. This coup marked the beginning of true Egyptian independence, in that Egyptian politics, which had been under foreign control since the Ottoman Empire, was taken over by the Egyptians themselves for the first time and that an independent foreign policy was pursued, including a policy of non-alignment and neutrality, the nationalization of the Suez Canal, and rapprochement with socialist countries, and that rapid economic development was planned with the state actively intervening in the economic process, as seen in land reform and the development of heavy industry.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Najīb" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…反英闘争の中でおきた52年のカイロ焼打ち事件をきっかけに，無政府状態になったエジプトでクーデタをおこし(7月23日)，〈人民の心からほとばしり出て，人民の希望にこたえる革命〉(ナーセル《革命の哲学》)をもくろみ，7月26日国王ファルークを追放し，翌年6月18日に共和国成立を宣言した。もっとも，ナーセルは当初無名であったため，国民に人気のあるナギーブMuḥammad Najīb(1901‐84)を指導者としたが，土地改革や従来と同様の議会制復帰問題で彼と対立し，そのためナギーブを排除してナーセルの政権が安定するのは54年からである。このクーデタはオスマン帝国支配以来外国人の支配下にあったエジプトの政治が，初めてエジプト人自身によって握られ，非同盟･中立政策や，スエズ運河国有化，社会主義諸国への接近等，自主的な外交政策が展開されるようになった点，および土地改革や重工業化等にみられるように国家が経済過程に積極的に介入しながら急速な経済発展がもくろまれるようになった点で，エジプトの真の独立の起点をなしているといえよう。…

※「Najīb」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報