Optical Integrated Circuit

Japanese: 光集積回路 - ひかりしゅうせきかいろ
Optical Integrated Circuit

An integrated circuit that integrates optical elements such as semiconductor lasers, optical waveguides, optical switches, optical modulators, and photodetectors that utilize the optical waveguide function on the same substrate. It is also called an optical IC. The idea of ​​an optical integrated circuit is relatively new, having been proposed around 1969. Currently, the basic phenomena have been understood and the concept of the elements has been established, and research into practical application has just begun.

Regarding integration of light-emitting elements with other components, there are plans to integrate laser diodes and field-effect transistors on a gallium arsenide substrate, and to combine optical and electronic circuits on a semi-insulating indium phosphide substrate. Regarding integration of light-receiving elements with other components, some integration of photodiode light-receiving elements with optical and electronic circuits on a silicon substrate has been put to practical use. Technology has also been developed to integrate pin photodiodes and field-effect transistors on an indium phosphide substrate. Regarding integration of light-emitting elements and light-receiving elements with other components, there have been attempts to integrate photodiodes as light-receiving elements with embedded laser diodes on a gallium arsenide substrate, and further integrate optical and electronic circuits, but research is still in the early stages.

The realization of optical integrated circuits is essential for the widespread use of optical technology in communications, information processing, and other industrial fields. For this reason, it is expected that various composite optical elements will continue to be invented and the technology will steadily be accumulated.

[Sadao Nomura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

光の導波機能を利用する半導体レーザー、光導波路、光スイッチ、光変調器、光検出器などの光素子を同一基板上に一体化した集積回路。光ICともいう。光集積回路の考え方が提案されたのは比較的新しく、1969年ごろである。現状は、基礎的な現象の理解と素子の概念ができあがった段階で、実用化のための研究が始まったところである。

 発光素子に他の部品をプラスする集積化については、ガリウムヒ素の基板上にレーザーダイオードと電界効果型トランジスタを集積するもの、および半絶縁性のインジウムリンの基板上に光回路や電子回路を複合化することが考えられている。受光素子に他の部分をプラスする集積化については、シリコン基板上にホトダイオードの受光素子と光回路や電子回路の複合化が一部実用に供せられている。また、インジウムリン基板上にpinホトダイオードと電界効果型トランジスタを一体化する技術も開発されている。発光素子と受光素子に他の部品をプラスする集積化については、ガリウムヒ素の基板上に受光素子としてのホトダイオードと埋め込み機構のレーザーダイオードを複合化し、さらに光回路あるいは電子回路を複合化する試みも行われているが、まだ研究初期の段階である。

 光技術が通信、情報処理、その他の産業分野に広く用いられるには、光集積回路の実現が不可欠である。このため複合化光素子はこれからもいろいろなものが考案され、着実に技術の積み上げが行われていくと思われる。

[野村貞夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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