Photopolymerization

Japanese: 光重合 - こうじゅうごう(英語表記)photopolymerization
Photopolymerization

A polymerization reaction initiated by irradiation with light. It occurs more efficiently at lower temperatures than thermal polymerization or catalytic thermal polymerization, and has many important industrial applications. There are two types of polymerization: non-sensitized polymerization, in which the reactant molecules directly absorb light, raising the energy level of the electrons and causing a reaction, and sensitized polymerization, in which a coexisting third-party molecule, a sensitizer, absorbs light, and the energy is transferred to the reactant molecules, causing a reaction.

There are two types of polymerization. In the first type, the bonds between atoms of the raw material low-molecular-weight or polymerization initiator are broken by light irradiation, generating radicals (free radicals), and polymerization proceeds continuously. One initiator or photon can polymerize 10 4 to 10 6 monomers. This can be used in optical information recording. In the second type, double bonds present in a polymer are cross-linked by light irradiation, significantly changing the properties of the polymer. In polymers containing cinnamate ester groups, there are cases where double bonds are photopolymerized by light irradiation, making the polymer insoluble.

Photopolymerization has led to such innovations as photoresists, photographic imaging, photoprinting and reprographics, solvent-free coatings on wood and metal, and dry inks.

[Mukai Toshio]

"Katsumi Tokumaru (ed.) Kyoritsu Library 17: Use of Photochemistry" (1978, Kyoritsu Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

光照射により開始される重合反応。熱重合または触媒熱重合よりも低温で効率よくおこるので、工業的に重要な応用例が多い。反応物分子に直接光を吸収させ、電子のエネルギー準位を高め反応させる非増感重合と、共存する第三者的分子である増感剤に光を吸収させ、そのエネルギーの反応物分子への移動により反応をおこさせる増感重合の二つが知られている。

 重合形式には二つの型がある。第一の形式は、光照射によって原料低分子または重合開始剤の原子間の結合が切れて、ラジカル(遊離基)を生成して重合が連続的に進行する例で、1個の開始剤または光量子により104~106の単量体(モノマー)を重合させることができる。光情報記録への応用などがある。第二の形式は、重合体(ポリマー)のなかに存在する二重結合を光照射により交差結合をおこさせ、ポリマーの性質を著しく変化させるものである。ケイ皮酸エステル基を含むポリマーでは、光照射によって二重結合どうしが光重合し、不溶性となる例がある。

 光重合はフォトレジスト、写真の画像形成、写真印刷、複写、溶媒を用いない木材・金属の被覆、乾性インクなど、技術革新に役だっている。

[向井利夫]

『徳丸克己編『共立ライブラリー17 光化学の利用』(1978・共立出版)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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