Italian astronomer. Discoverer of the first asteroid. Born in northern Italy, he became a Catholic monk at the age of 18. He studied philosophy, then mathematics and astronomy at the University of Rome and the University of Turin. He became professor of philosophy at the University of Rome in 1779 and mathematics at the University of Palermo in 1780. In 1791, he built the Palermo Observatory and became its first director. While observing important stars with the goal of determining their exact positions, he discovered a celestial object with apparent motion on January 1, 1801. This was the first asteroid, and he named it Ceres. He published star catalogs in 1803 and 1814, announcing the positions of a total of 14,000 stars. He served as director of the Naples Observatory in 1817, and died there. Ceres has been a dwarf planet since 2006, as defined by the General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (IAU). [Shimamura Fukutaro] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの天文学者。小惑星第1号の発見者。北イタリアに生まれ、18歳でカトリック修道士となる。ローマ大学、トリノ大学などで初め哲学を、ついで数学と天文学を学び、1779年ローマ大学の哲学教授、1780年にパレルモ大学の数学教授に就任した。1791年パレルモ天文台を建設して初代台長となった。重要な恒星の正確な位置を決定することを目標として観測中、1801年1月1日に視運動する天体を発見した。これこそ小惑星第1号であってケレスと命名した。1803年と1814年に恒星表を公刊し、計1万4000個の恒星位置を発表した。1817年ナポリ天文台長を兼任して、その地で没した。なお、ケレスは2006年以降、国際天文学連合(IAU)総会で定義された準惑星となった。 [島村福太郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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