Superintendent of Education

Japanese: 教育長 - きょういくちょう
Superintendent of Education

The Superintendent is an official who manages the secretariat of the Board of Education, and is responsible for all business that falls under the authority of the Board of Education, and attends all meetings of the Board of Education to advise on the agenda. Originally, they were expected to be experts in educational administration, and in the past they required a license, but now there are no regulations regarding qualifications. They are appointed by the Board of Education, but the approval of the Minister of Education is required for prefectural superintendents of education, and the approval of the prefectural board of education for municipal superintendents of education, in the so-called appointment approval system.

However, on March 27, 1998, the Central Council for Education submitted an interim report entitled "The Future of Local Educational Administration," proposing the following improvements to the role of the superintendent of education: The appointment approval system for superintendents of education should be abolished in response to the recommendation of the Decentralization Promotion Committee, and instead they should be given a direct vote of confidence from the assembly, thereby enhancing the superintendent's leadership and clarifying their responsibility to residents. In addition, with the consent of the assembly, a term system for the superintendent of education should be introduced, making it possible to develop educational administration with a planned, long-term perspective and clarifying his or her position as a special official.

Furthermore, in September 1998, the Central Council for Education's Subcommittee on Local Educational Administration proposed in its report that the appointment approval system for superintendents be abolished and that a direct vote of confidence from the assembly be introduced. With the enactment and promulgation of the Act on the Improvement of Related Laws to Promote Local Autonomy in July 1999, this system came into effect in April 2000.

[Shintaro Iwashita and Tsuneo Kimura]

[Reference item] | Board of Education

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

教育委員会の事務局を統括する職員で、教育委員会の権限に属するすべての事務をつかさどり、教育委員会のすべての会議に出席して議事について助言する。そもそもは教育行政の専門家であることが期待されており、かつては免許状を必要としたが、現在は資格要件についてなんの定めもない。教育委員会が任命するが、都道府県教育長については文部大臣の、市町村教育長については都道府県教育委員会の承認を必要とする、いわゆる任命承認制を採用していた。

 しかし、1998年(平成10)3月27日中央教育審議会(中教審)は「今後の地方教育行政の在り方について」という中間報告を提出、教育長のあり方について以下のような改善を提唱した。教育長の任命承認制は、地方分権推進委員会の勧告を踏まえ廃止し、かわりに議会から直接信任を得ることにより教育長のリーダーシップを高め、住民に対する責任を明らかにすること。また、議会の同意に伴い、教育長についての任期制が導入され、計画的・長期的視野にたった教育行政の展開が可能になり、特別職としての位置づけを明確にすることである。

 さらに1998年9月、中教審「地方教育行政に関する小委員会」答申では、教育長の任命承認制廃止と議会からの直接信任の導入が提示され、99年7月「地方分権の推進を図るための関係法律の整備等に関する法律」の制定、公布により、2000年4月から実施された。

[岩下新太郎・木村力雄]

[参照項目] | 教育委員会

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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