Fire - Hi

Japanese: 火 - ひ
Fire - Hi

Normally, "fire" is caused by an oxidation reaction (combustion) of combustible substances in the air, and can be seen as a state in which light and heat are emitted, that is, as a "flame."

[Masao Iwaki]

Humanity and Fire

Convincing evidence that humans used fire in their daily lives has been found at the remains of the Peking Man, dating back 400,000 to 500,000 years. Judging from the state of the ashes at the remains, it seems that they used fire constantly in their daily lives, meaning that they kept the fire burning, but in order to do so, they needed to be able to make a bonfire. It cannot be said that making a bonfire was easy for early humans. If you ask a child to make a bonfire, you will see that it is not an easy technique to make a bonfire. Not many children are good at making a bonfire. However, even children as young as 2 to 3 years old are interested in fire. There is a considerable time lag between the emergence of an interest in fire and being able to use it well. It is thought that something similar happened in primitive times. In order to make a bonfire, it is necessary to have a certain understanding of the properties of fire, to be able to judge the timing of adding firewood, and to be able to work with it. In order to do this, one must encounter fire several times and have the opportunity to handle it, but before that, one must have established a mental structure that allows one to approach fire without fear. In the long history of animal evolution, many animals would have been afraid of fire and would not go near it, but the ancestors of mankind must have been interested in fire and would have approached it, observed it, and played with it. The fact that Peking Man made fires every day in his daily life means that he was quite accustomed to handling fire, and we can assume that there was a long prehistory before man came into contact with fire.

From the time when humans encountered fire to the time when Peking Man started to use fire, at least four stages can be considered. (1) Humans began to be interested in natural fires such as forest fires, and began to approach the embers of fire. (2) They touched fire, though they were afraid, and their interest grew. As their opportunities to touch fire increased, they eventually became accustomed to it. (3) They discovered the warmth and light of fire, and could use it, but did not know how to preserve it. (4) They preserved fire by making campfires and used it regularly (Peking Man's stage). Then, in (5), they developed into a stage where they could make fire when needed. (1) and (2) are considered to be the ape-man era, (3) the ape-man to early man era, (4) the early man era, and (5) the archaic man era. In the case of (5), a type of reciprocating friction method (probably a fire groove method) was used to start fire, and efficient rotary friction and spark-type ignition methods were probably discovered in the new man (Cro-Magnon) stage.

[Masao Iwaki]

The dual nature of fire

Fire has an important meaning for humans not only in practical terms, but also in conceptual and religious terms. Humans use fire as a weapon to fight against the cold and wild animals, and natural plants and animals become food for humans when burned, soil and minerals are turned into pottery and metal vessels by the heat of fire, and wild fields become cultivated land (slash-and-burn agriculture). The acquisition of fire transitioned humans from a natural/wild state to a cultural state, and fire is indeed a symbol of humans as cultural beings. Such importance of fire has given rise to various beliefs and rituals surrounding fire.

Fire has both productive and destructive aspects. In other words, fire brings many blessings if it is under human control, but fire that is not, such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires, brings many disasters. This dual nature of fire is the basis for various meanings of fire, and it is sometimes given meanings that seem to be contradictory. Fire has two aspects: light and brightness, and heat. Although the two are sometimes inseparable, for example, when faith in fire appears as a form of solar worship, this article will mainly focus on the meaning of fire as heat. For fire as light, please refer to the "light" entry.

[Itabashi Masami]

The myth of the origin of fire

There are many myths that explain how humans acquired fire, and their contents vary. There are four main types. The first is that a god bestowed fire on humans. Several African ethnic groups have myths of this type. For example, the Darassans of Ethiopia have myths in which humans begged a god for fire, and the god bestowed fire on them when they died. The second type is the so-called fire-stealing myth, and a representative example is the Greek myth in which Prometheus steals fire from Zeus. The third type is called the internal type, and fire is extracted from the bodies of gods, humans, or animals. The Arowak people of Guyana in South America say that fire was produced from a woman's vagina. Another similar story in Japanese mythology is that the fire god Kagutsuchi was born from Izanami-no-Mikoto, and Izanami-no-Mikoto's vagina was burned at that time. The internal type is common in Oceania, especially Melanesia, and there are many myths in which fire emerges from the female genitals, but there are also stories in which fire is extracted from animals (especially snakes). There are also myths in which fire is produced by sexual intercourse, such as among the Marind-Anim people of New Guinea. This myth is often said to be related to the method of starting fire. The fourth type is a myth of the birth of a fire god, rather than the acquisition of fire, in which the fire god is born from a parent god. The Indian god Agni is a representative example, but in this type of myth, like the Nordic god Loki in the Edda and the fire god in the Kalevala, the gods often burn their mother goddesses to death or go on a rampage at birth, and in one sense, the Japanese Kagutsuchi also falls into this type. In myths about the origin of fire, farming, blacksmithing, and pottery making are often brought to humans along with the acquisition of fire. In Japanese mythology, gods related to these things are born around the time of Kagutsuchi's birth. In the mythology of the Dogon people of Africa, a blacksmith steals grains along with fire. The myth itself tells us that the acquisition of fire is the birth of culture. There are also many myths, including the myth of Prometheus, in which disease and death were also introduced into the human world along with fire.

[Itabashi Masami]

Fire God

Fire is often worshipped as fire itself, but is also often deified. In addition to fire gods in the narrow sense, such as the Indian god Agni and the Japanese god Kagutsuchi, there are also fire gods that take the form of gods of hearths and hearths. In general, fire gods are often placed at the bottom of the pantheon, but at the same time, they often act as intermediaries between other gods and humans. Agni is said to be the "mouth of the gods," and offerings are delivered to the gods by Agni. Fire gods and hearth gods are also often regarded as guardian deities of the home.

[Itabashi Masami]

Fire Ritual

The main rituals related to fire include the worship of fire and the fire god, fire festivals, and kiribi (a kind of fire-making ritual). The Zoroastrian worship of Atar is a typical example of a worship ritual of the fire god. In China, a ritual is held from the end of the year to the beginning of the new year to send the hearth god to heaven and welcome him back. In Mongolia, when eating, a part of meat or milk is first offered to the fire. The kiribi (a kind of fire-making ritual) has been passed down from ancient times to the present day at Japanese shrines. Fire festivals are found all over the world, including the torch festivals of the Yi and Naxi peoples of China, the great fire festivals of the Aztecs at the end of the century, and the fire festivals of Kurama (Kyoto) and Yoshida (Yamanashi) in Japan. In Europe, various fire festivals are held as annual events, but the fire festivals of Lent and the summer solstice are particularly grand. It is thought that European fire festivals are based on indigenous beliefs that existed before the conversion to Christianity, especially the worship of fire and the sun.

[Itabashi Masami]

Fire and social groups

Fire brings people together and bonds them. Therefore, people who share fire can become a specific social group unit. In some languages, the word for family comes from fire. In ancient Greek, the word for family, epistion, means "one who is by the hearth," and in old French and Italian, fire also represents family. In Hindu-speaking countries, the word for family is hearth, and in Mongolia, the word for family also means hearth. The Japanese word "ie" is thought to be a combination of "he" (kamado) and the prefix "i." Furthermore, in Tokunoshima (Kagoshima Prefecture) in Japan, the group that shares a hearth during the Hamaori ritual is formed almost entirely by hiki (tribe). The Iroquois Confederation, a confederation of five indigenous tribes in North America, used the sacred fire as a symbol of their union.

[Itabashi Masami]

Purity, impurity and fire

The belief that fire is sacred and that unclean things such as garbage should not be thrown into the fire is seen among many people, such as the Buryat and Sakha peoples of North Asia. In particular, they dislike the impurity of women's menstruation and childbirth, and in Japan and other countries, they often use separate fires during these times. On the island of Yap in Micronesia, men cook in a separate oven from their wives, even when they are not menstruating, so that the impurity of the woman is not transferred to them. These beliefs suggest the idea that fire should not be polluted, and that fire spreads impurity. However, on the other hand, there are many beliefs that fire has the power to ward off impurities and disasters. The idea of ​​purifying fire is widespread in Europe, and even outside of fire festivals, when humans or livestock get sick, they light a fire and walk through or jump over it, or scatter the ashes on fields or mix them with water and drink them. Fire is also effective against the harm caused by witches, and for this reason witches were burned at the stake. This kind of purifying fire is a symbolic use of the destructive power of fire. Furthermore, some people believe that there are two types of fire: sacred and impure. For example, in Japan, fire under human control is sacred, but fire that is not, such as fire caused by mistake, is impure. This is seen in the description of "those who have been impure from fire caused by mistake" in the Engishiki (written in 927).

[Itabashi Masami]

Fire as a Fertility Force

It is also widely believed that fire brings good harvests to crops and sexual fertility to livestock and human women. Roman legends tell of a virgin becoming pregnant through fire. There are many customs of lighting a fire nearby during childbirth, such as those practiced by the highland Maya of Mexico, the nomadic Khoi people of Africa, and the Ainu. It is also common for brides to undergo fire ceremonies at weddings. In Mongolia, the bride passes between fires burning on both sides of the road to enter her marriage home, and makes offerings to the hearth inside. In Japan, there are also wedding ceremonies in which the bride passes between torches or straddles a bonfire. These are likely based on the belief that fire has the power to give sexual vitality. There are also many ethnic groups that consider the process of starting a fire to be a sexual act. Fire as a reproductive and vital force can be said to be a manifestation of the productive side of fire.

[Itabashi Masami]

Fire Preservation and Renewal

It is often said that fire must not be extinguished. In particular, when fire is considered a symbol of a particular group, such as a family or a community, protecting the fire is linked to the survival of the group, and great care is taken. On the other hand, fires are often intentionally put out and new fires started. This is often the case at some kind of turning point, such as the beginning of a year (ancient Greece and Rome) or the beginning of a ritual. The San people, a hunter-gatherer people in Africa, make a new fire when they move to a new campsite. They also often change the way they light fires when disasters such as illness strike. In Europe, when an epidemic of livestock occurred, all the fires that had been there were put out, a new fire was made, and the livestock were made to jump over it, and the fire was brought home and moved to the hearth. Fire is a sign that represents the beginning and end of various things, or whether something is ordinary or extraordinary.

[Itabashi Masami]

Two types of fire

Fire is sometimes divided into two types and assigned different meanings. Among the Kamba people of Africa, the fire outside the house is used by men to roast food, and the fire inside the house is used by women to boil food. Similarly, among the Iteso people of Africa, the men's fire is an open fire that burns directly on the ground, and the women's fire is a fire that is kindled in a hearth made of four stones. In East Asia, the two fires inside the house, namely the hearth fire and the hearth fire, are generally used differently; the former is an open fire that is open to the whole family and guests and is not enclosed, while the latter is a closed fire that is almost exclusively used by women, especially housewives, and is enclosed.

[Itabashi Masami]

Fire as a symbol of boundaries, separation and mediation

Fire is often used as a "sign" that represents boundaries in various senses. Fire is kindled at the boundaries of time and space, at the boundaries between the ordinary and the extraordinary, between humans and gods, between the secular world and the spiritual world. And by being located at the boundaries, fire separates one thing from another, and on the other hand, it mediates between the two. Fire separates nature from culture. Fire separates gods from gods. For example, in Japanese mythology, the fire god Kagutsuchi causes the deaths of Izanagi and Izanami. Fire separates gods from humans. For example, in Greek mythology, Prometheus, who stole fire, was ordered by Zeus to separate humans from gods. Fire also separates humans. This is because fire unites people who share it, but it also distinguishes people who do not. However, at the same time, fire can be interpreted as mediating between them again. For example, fire connects gods and humans. The fire god acts as an intermediary between humans and gods, and the welcoming and sending off bonfires of the Japanese Obon festival act as a bridge between this world and the other world. Humans use nature as a medium, using fire as a medium. Because fire has the dual nature of separation and mediation, on the one hand, it exorcises impurity, but on the other hand, it also has the dual nature of spreading impurity.

[Itabashi Masami]

"Fire" edited by Obayashi Taryo (1974, Shakai Shisosha)

[References] | Agni | Light | Burning | Flame

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

普通、「火」は、空気中で可燃物質が行う酸化反応(燃焼)によるものであり、光と熱を発している状態、すなわち「炎」として見ることができる。

[岩城正夫]

人類と火

人類が火を使って生活していたという確実な証拠は40万~50万年前の北京(ペキン)原人の遺跡から発見されている。遺跡の灰の状態からみて、彼らは火を日常生活で恒常的に、つまり火を絶やさずに使っていたらしいが、そのためには焚火(たきび)ができなければならない。焚火が初期の人類にとって簡単であったとはいいきれない。焚火の技術の簡単でないことは子供に焚火をさせるとわかる。焚火の上手にできる子供が多いとはいえない。ところが火に対する興味は2~3歳の幼児にもある。火への興味の発生とそれを上手に扱うことの間には時期的にかなりのずれがある。同様なことが原始時代にもあったことが想像される。焚火ができるためには火の性質がある程度わかっていること、薪(まき)をくべるタイミングを判断し、作業ができることなどが必要である。そのためには何度か火に出会い、火を扱う機会がなければならないが、それ以前に火を恐れず火に近づく精神構造が確立されていなければならない。動物進化の長い歴史のなかで多くの動物は火を恐れ近づくことはなかったであろうが、人類の祖先は火に興味をもち、近づき観察し、いじくったりしたに相違ない。北京原人が毎日焚火をして生活していたということは、彼らが火の扱いに相当慣れていたということであり、それ以前に人類が火と接触するに至るまでの長い前史が想定されるのである。

 人類と火とが出会い、北京原人が火を利用するまでに、少なくとも次の四つの段階が考えられる。(1)人類が山火事などの自然火に興味をもち始め、その残り火などに近づくようになる。(2)恐れつつも火に触れ、一段と興味を深め、触れる機会が増してついに慣れてしまう。(3)火の暖かさ、明るさを知り、利用できることを発見したが、その保存方法はわからない。(4)火を焚火により保存し、恒常的に利用する(北京原人の段階)。そして(5)として必要に応じて火がつくれる段階へと発展していく。(1)(2)は猿人の時代、(3)は猿人~原人の時代、(4)は原人の時代、(5)は旧人の時代と考えられる。(5)の場合、発火法は往復摩擦式の一種(たぶん火溝(ひみぞ)式)が用いられ、効率のよい回転摩擦式や火花式発火法はおそらく新人(クロマニョン人)の段階に発見されたと思われる。

[岩城正夫]

火の二面性

火は人間にとって実用面はもちろん、観念・宗教面においても重要な意味をもっている。人間は火を武器に寒さや猛獣などと戦い、さらに自然の動植物は火にかけられることによって人間の食物となり、土や鉱石は火の熱によって土器や金属器となり、原野は耕地(焼畑)になる。火の獲得は人間を自然・野生状態から文化的状態へと移行させたのであり、火はまさに人間の文化的存在者としての象徴である。そのような火の重要性は、火をめぐるさまざまな信仰や儀礼を生んできた。

 火には生産的な側面と破壊的な側面がある。つまり、火は人間の統制下に置かれていれば多くの恵みをもたらしてくれるが、そうでない火、たとえば火山の噴火、山火事などは多くの災いをもたらす。この火の二面性がさまざまな火に対する意味づけの基盤をなしており、そのため一見相反する意味づけがなされることすらある。なお、火には光、明るさという側面と熱という側面の二つがあり、たとえば火への信仰が太陽崇拝の一形態として現れる場合などのように両者が不可分のこともあるが、本項目ではおもに熱としての火の意味を中心に述べ、光としての火は「灯火」の項を参照されたい。

[板橋作美]

火の起源神話

人間が火をどのようにして獲得したのかを説明する神話は多く、その内容もさまざまである。代表的な型として四つある。第一は神が人間に火を与えたとするものである。アフリカの民族集団のいくつかにこの種の神話があり、たとえばエチオピアのダラッサ人では、人間が神に火をねだったところ、神は死とともに火を与えてくれたという。第二はいわゆる盗火神話とよばれるもので、プロメテウスがゼウスのもとから火を盗んでくるギリシアの神話が代表例である。第三は体内型といわれ、神や人間や動物の体内から火が取り出されたとするものである。南米ガイアナのアロワーク人では、ある女性の女陰から火が出されたという。日本神話で伊弉冉尊(いざなみのみこと)から火神軻遇突智(かぐつち)が生まれ、そのとき伊弉冉尊は女陰を焼かれたという話もこれに類する。体内型はオセアニア、とくにメラネシアに多く分布し、やはり女性器から出現する神話が多いが、ほかに動物(とくに蛇)から火が取り出される話もある。そのほか、性行為によって火が出る神話も、ニューギニアのマリンド・アニム人などにある。この神話は発火法との関連がよくいわれる。第四は火獲得というより火神誕生の神話で、火神が親の神から生まれたとする。インドのアグニ神が代表例であるが、この類の神話では、北欧の「エッダ」のローキ神や『カレバラ』の火神のごとく、生まれるときに母神を焼き殺したり暴れ回ることが多く、日本の軻遇突智も一面ではこの型に入る。火の起源神話では、しばしば火の獲得とともに農耕や鍛冶(かじ)や土器づくりなどが人間にもたらされる。日本神話でも軻遇突智の出生の前後にそれらと関係する神々が生まれる。アフリカのドゴン人の神話では、鍛冶屋が火といっしょに穀物も盗んでくる。火の獲得が文化の発生であることを神話自身も語っている。また火とともに病気や死も人間界に導入されたとする神話も、プロメテウス神話をはじめ多い。

[板橋作美]

火神

火は、火そのものとして崇拝されることも少なくないが、神格化されて崇拝されることも多い。火神には、インドのアグニ神や日本の軻遇突智のような狭い意味での火神のほか、かまどや炉の神という形をとるものもある。一般に火神は神々のなかでは下のほうに位置づけられていることが多いが、同時に火神はしばしば他の神々と人間との仲介者として働く。アグニ神は「神々の口」といわれ、供物はアグニ神によって神々に届けられる。なお、火神や炉の神は家の守護神とされることも多い。

[板橋作美]

火の儀礼

火をめぐる儀礼のおもなものには火および火神に対する崇拝儀礼、火祭、鑽火(きりび)儀礼がある。ゾロアスター教のアタール崇拝は火神に対する崇拝儀礼の代表例である。中国では年末から年初にかけて、かまどの神を天に送りふたたび迎える儀礼が行われる。モンゴルでは食事のとき肉や乳の一部をまず火に捧(ささ)げる。鑽火の儀礼は日本の神社で古い時代から今日まで伝えられている。火祭には中国のイ族やナシ族の松明(たいまつ)祭、かつてのアステカの世紀末の大火祭、日本の鞍馬(くらま)(京都)や吉田(山梨)の火祭など、世界各地にみられる。ヨーロッパでも年中行事として各種の火祭があるが、とくに四旬節と夏至(げし)祭の火祭は盛大である。ヨーロッパの火祭はキリスト教改宗以前の土着の信仰、とくに火および太陽に対する崇拝が基盤にあると考えられる。

[板橋作美]

火と社会集団

火は人々を周りに集め、結合させる。そのため火をともにする人々が特定の社会集団単位となることがある。いくつかの言語で家族を意味する語が火に由来する。古代ギリシア語で家族をさす語エピスチオンは「かまどの傍らなる者」の意であり、フランス、イタリアの古語でも火が家族を表す。ヒンドゥー語圏では家族の語にかまどの語を用い、モンゴルでも同様に家族を表す語はかまどの意である。日本の「イエ」も「ヘ」(かまど)に接頭辞「イ」がついたものと考えられる。さらに、日本の徳之島(鹿児島県)の浜下(はまお)りという儀礼のときに一つのかまどをともにする集団はほぼヒキ(同族)ごとに形成される。また北アメリカの先住民5部族からなる連合体イロコイ同盟は聖火を連合の象徴としていた。

[板橋作美]

清浄・不浄と火

火は聖なるもので、火にごみなどの不浄な物を投げ入れてはならないとする信仰は北アジアのブリヤート人やサハ人など多くにみられる。とくに女性の月経と出産の穢(けがれ)を嫌い、日本をはじめとしてその間火を別にすることが多い。ミクロネシアのヤップ島では月経中以外のときも女性の穢が移らないよう男は妻と別の炉を使って料理させた。これらには、火を穢さないという考えと、火は穢を伝染させるとする考えがうかがえる。しかし、他方で火は穢や災いを祓(はら)う力をもっているとする信仰も多い。ヨーロッパには浄火の考えが広くあり、火祭のとき以外にも人間や家畜が病気になると火を焚(た)き、その中を通ったり上を跳び越え、また灰を畑にまいたり、水に混ぜて飲んだ。火は魔女の害に対しても有効であり、それゆえ魔女は火刑にされた。このような清めの火は、火のもつ破壊力の象徴的利用である。さらに、同じ火でも神聖な火と穢れた火の2種があると考えることもあり、たとえば日本では、人間の統制下にある火は神聖だが、そうでない火、たとえば失火は穢であるとする考えが、『延喜式(えんぎしき)』(927成)の「失火の穢の有る者」という記述にうかがえる。

[板橋作美]

生殖力としての火

火が農作物に豊作をもたらし、家畜や人間の女性に性的豊穣(ほうじょう)を与えるとする考えも広くみられる。ローマの伝説には火によって処女が子をはらむ話がある。出産時に火を近くで燃やす習俗も多く、たとえばメキシコの高地マヤ人、アフリカの遊牧民コイ人、アイヌなどで行われた。婚礼時に花嫁が火の儀礼を受けることもよくある。モンゴルでは花嫁は道の両側に燃える火の間を通って婚家に入り、中の炉火に供物を捧げる。日本にも嫁が松明(たいまつ)の間を通り抜けたり、たき火をまたぐ入嫁儀礼がある。これらも火に性的活力を与える力があるとする信仰に基づいているのであろう。また火おこしの過程を性行為とみたてる民族も少なくない。生殖力、生命力としての火は、火の生産的側面の現れといえるであろう。

[板橋作美]

火の保存と更新

火は絶やしてはならないとされることが多い。とくに火が家族・共同体など特定の集団のシンボルとみなされている場合、火を守ることは集団の存続と結び付き、細心の注意が払われる。他方、火を故意に消して、新たな火をおこすこともよくある。それは、なんらかのくぎりのとき、たとえば年の始まり(古代ギリシア・ローマ)、儀礼の始まりのときが多い。アフリカの採集狩猟民サン人は新しい野営地に移ると新しい火をおこす。また病気などの災いが起きたときに火を改めることもよくあり、ヨーロッパでは家畜に病気がはやると、それまでの火をすべて消し、新たな火をおこして家畜にその上を跳び越えさせ、その火を家に持ち帰って炉に移した。火はさまざまなことの始まりと終わり、あるいは日常性か非日常性を表すしるしとなっている。

[板橋作美]

二種類の火

火はときに二種類に分けられ、異なる意味づけがなされる。アフリカのカンバ人では、家の外の火は男が焼く料理に使い、家の中の火は女が煮る料理に使う。同じくアフリカのイテソ人では、男の火は地面の上でそのまま燃やす裸の火で、女の火は四つの石でつくられる炉で焚かれる火である。東アジアでは一般に家の中の二つの火、つまり炉の火とかまどの火は使い分けられており、前者は家族全員や客にも開放され、形態として密閉されていない開かれた火であり、後者は女性、とくに主婦にほぼ専用され、形態として密閉された閉じられた火である。

[板橋作美]

境・分離と媒介の象徴としての火

しばしば火はいろいろな意味における境を表す「しるし」として用いられている。火は時間的、空間的な境界で、日常と非日常の境目で、人と神、俗世と霊的世界の境で燃やされる。そして境に位置することによって、火は一方では何かと何かを分け隔て、他方では両者の媒介をなす。火は自然と文化を分ける。火は神と神を分ける。たとえば日本神話で火神軻遇突智(かぐつち)は伊弉諾(いざなぎ)と伊弉冉(いざなみ)を死別させる。火は神と人とを分ける。たとえばギリシア神話で火を盗んだプロメテウスはゼウスに人と神とを分けるよう命じられていた。火は人と人をも分ける。火はそれをともにする人々を結合させるが、そうでない人々を区別することにもなるからである。しかし、火は同時にそれらをふたたび媒介すると解釈することができる。たとえば火は神と人を結び付ける。火神は人間と神々との仲介者になり、日本のお盆の迎え火と送り火はあの世とこの世の橋渡しを行う。そもそも人間は火を媒介にして自然を利用している。このように火は分離と媒介の二面性をもつために、一方では火は穢を祓い、他方では穢を伝染させるといった二面性をもつのである。

[板橋作美]

『大林太良編『火』(1974・社会思想社)』

[参照項目] | アグニ | 灯火 | 燃焼 |

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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