An evergreen tree of the family Moraceae (APG classification: Moraceae), with a center of genetic variation in the Pacific islands. It reaches a height of 25 meters and a diameter of 60 cm. The leaves are alternate, deeply notched with 3 to 10 lobes, ovate to oblong, 40 to 50 cm long, leathery and glossy on the surface. The flowers are monoecious and monoecious. The male flowers are densely arranged on long receptacles emerging from the axils of new shoots, forming oblong or club-shaped inflorescences about 20 cm long, whitish-yellow in color. The female flowers are clustered in the axils near the top of new shoots, forming oblong or spherical inflorescences. The aggregate fruits are oval or spherical, 10 to 15 cm long, and have polygonal tortoiseshell-shaped projections on the surface. The seeds are black-brown, 2.5 cm in diameter, and the flesh surrounding the seeds is rich in fiber. When ripe, the pseudocarp turns orange-red and is sweet and starchy. There are other strains of this species that produce seedless fruits. The fruit is a common food on the Pacific islands, and tastes similar to potatoes. It is eaten thinly sliced and baked or boiled. It is said that the name breadfruit comes from the fact that it is a staple food along with taro, sweet potatoes, and bananas. In addition, the fruit is thinly sliced, dried, and powdered to be used as an ingredient in confectionery, and in Polynesia, the fruit is stored underground and fermented, turning into a cheese-like substance that is baked and made into sweets. In the Malay Peninsula, it is added to stews, or boiled sweetly to make pickles, in Thailand it is candied, and in Sri Lanka it is also used to make alcohol. The seeds are fried or boiled and eaten, but it is said that some species can cause diarrhea if the seed is not boiled well and the liquid is not discarded. It is propagated by seeds, scions, and layers. Fiber is extracted from the bark, and the wood contains a yellow pigment and is used for building materials and boat materials. It is also often used as a shade tree. It is also commonly cultivated in the West Indies. It was brought to the West Indies by the British ship Bounty, but the first voyage in 1789 failed due to a mutiny on board, and it was the third voyage in 1793 that succeeded. [Muneo Iizuka December 13, 2019] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
クワ科(APG分類:クワ科)の常緑高木で、太平洋の諸島に遺伝的変異の中心をもつ。樹高25メートル、径60センチメートルに達する。葉は互生し、3~10片からなる深い欠刻をもち、卵形から長楕円(ちょうだえん)形で、長さ40~50センチメートル、革質で表面は光沢がある。雌雄異花で同株。雄花は新枝の葉腋(ようえき)から出る長い花托(かたく)上に密に並び、長さ約20センチメートル、長倒卵形または棍棒(こんぼう)状の花穂を形成し、花穂は白黄色を帯びる。雌花は新枝の頂部に近い葉腋に群がってつき、長楕円形または球形の花穂を形成する。集合果は楕円または球形で、長さ10~15センチメートル、表面に多角形の亀甲(きっこう)状の突起がある。種子は黒褐色で、径2.5センチメートル、種子の周囲を包む果肉は繊維に富む。成熟時には偽果皮は橙紅(とうこう)色となり、デンプン質を含み甘い。本種にはほかに種なし果実をつける系統がある。 果実は太平洋上の島々では普通の食物で、ジャガイモの味に似る。薄切りにして焼き、あるいは煮て食べる。サトイモ類、サツマイモ、バナナなどとともに主食糧としているためパンノキの名が出たという。このほか、果実を薄切りにして乾燥し、粉末化して製菓原料とし、ポリネシアでは果実を土中に貯蔵して発酵させ、チーズ様に変質させたものを焼いて菓子をつくる。マレー半島ではシチューに入れ、また甘く煮てピクルスをつくり、タイでは砂糖漬けとし、スリランカでは酒もつくる。種子は油で揚げるか煮沸して食べるが、この際よく煮だして汁を捨てないと下痢を誘発する系統もあるという。 繁殖は種子、ひこばえ、取木による。樹皮から繊維をとり、材は黄色色素を含み、建築材、ボート材などに用いる。被陰樹としての利用も多い。西インド諸島でもよく栽培される。西インド諸島へは英船バウンティ号Bountyによってもたらされたが、1回目の1789年は船内で反乱が起こり失敗し、1793年の3回目の航海で成功した。 [飯塚宗夫 2019年12月13日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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