A building material. A mixture of cement, sand, and water is called cement mortar or simply mortar, but other types of mortar are made by mixing fine aggregate with a binder (or fixing agent) such as lime, asphalt, or synthetic resin and hardening it, and are called lime mortar, asphalt mortar, and resin mortar, respectively. It is used as a base coat or finish coat for concrete surfaces, as a joint sealant for bricks and concrete blocks, and as a waterproof mortar. It is also used to create fire walls by laying wire mesh (metal lath) on wooden buildings and applying mortar to them. This type of wall is called lath mortar coating. Mortar finishing methods include wooden trowel finishing (when tiles are laid on top), metal trowel finishing (finished smooth with a metal trowel, then left as is or painted), brush finishing (brushing the surface before it hardens to make it rough), washout and polishing finishing (colored seed stones are used as aggregate, and a coat of mortar made with colored cement is applied on top, and the surface is washed with a water-soaked brush before it hardens to make the seed stones visible. Polishing and polishing the surface smooth with a whetstone after it hardens is called polishing, or terrazzo), and scraping finishing (scraping off the surface before it hardens to create a pattern). There is also spraying mortar, which is applied by mixing cement and sand dry, adding water at the tip of a tube, and spraying it with compressed air from a nozzle. Mortar made with colored cement and colored sand is called color mortar. There is also resin mortar, which uses synthetic resin instead of colored cement. All of these are applied with a trowel for finishing. [Yoshio Kasai] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
建築材料の一つ。セメントと砂と水を練り混ぜたものをセメントモルタルまたは単にモルタルというが、ほかに細粒骨材を石灰、アスファルト、あるいは合成樹脂などの結合材(あるいは固着材)に混ぜて硬化させたものをモルタルと称し、それぞれ石灰モルタル、アスファルトモルタル、樹脂モルタルという。コンクリート面の下地塗りあるいは仕上げ塗りとして用いられるほか、れんがやコンクリートブロックの目地、防水モルタルなどとして用いられる。また木造の建物に金網(メタルラス)を張り、モルタルを塗って防火壁を構成する。この壁をラスモルタル塗りという。 モルタルの仕上げ法には、木ごて仕上げ(この上にタイルなどを張る場合)、金ごて仕上げ(金ごてで平滑に仕上げ、そのままあるいはペンキ塗りなどをする)、刷毛(はけ)引き仕上げ(硬化しないうちに表面を刷毛で刷き、粗い表面とする)、洗い出し、および研(と)ぎ出し仕上げ(色種石を骨材とし、カラーセメントを用いたモルタルを上塗りし、硬化しないうちに水をつけた刷毛で表面を洗って種石を見えるようにした仕上げを洗い出し仕上げという。硬化後砥石(といし)で平滑に研ぎ出し磨いたものを研ぎ出し、またはテラゾーという)、かき落とし仕上げ(硬化しないうちにかき落として模様をつける仕上げ)などがある。このほか、セメントと砂を空(から)練りし、筒先で水を加え、ノズルから圧縮空気とともに吹き出して施工する吹き付けモルタルなどもある。カラーセメントと色砂を用いたモルタルをカラーモルタルという。カラーセメントのかわりに合成樹脂を用いた樹脂モルタルもある。いずれもこてで塗って仕上げに用いる。 [笠井芳夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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