A crude, comical, fat-as-wurst, jester or fool, usually in peasant clothing. Examples of the term's use date back to the first half of the 16th century (in the Low German translation of The Ship of Fools (1519) and Luther's Refutation of Hanswurst), but from the 17th century to the first half of the 18th century in particular, the jester became a typical German comic figure on a par with Jean Potages (France) and Maccaroni (Italy). The role of the jester, also called the Harlekin, was banished from the stage in the mid-18th century by Gottsched and others in an impatient movement to purify theater, but it continues to live on as the Kasperle in puppet shows. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
粗野で滑稽で腸詰(ブルスト)のように太った,ふつう百姓姿をした道化ないし阿呆。この語の使用例は16世紀前半から見られるが(《阿呆船》の低地ドイツ語訳(1519),ルターの《ハンスブルストを駁す》),とくに17世紀から18世紀前半にかけてジャン・ポタージュ(フランス)や,マッカローニ(イタリア)に伍しドイツを代表する典型的な喜劇的人物像となった。ハルレキンHarlekinとも呼ぶこの道化の役柄は,ゴットシェート等の性急な演劇浄化運動によって18世紀半ばごろ舞台から追放されるが,人形劇のカスペルルKasperleとして根強く生き残る。
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