Judge - Hanji

Japanese: 判事 - はんじ

〘Noun〙① Under the Ritsuryo system, a rank of official not in the four ranks, responsible for trying crimes and deciding on the punishment. Established in the Ministry of Justice and Dazaifu, the Ministry of Justice had two Grand Judges (equivalent to Senior Fifth Rank) , four Middle Judges (Senior Sixth Rank), and four Minor Judges (Junior Sixth Rank), while Dazaifu had one Grand Judge (Junior Sixth Rank) and one Minor Judge (Senior Seventh Rank). The official who decides to refuse. [Ryo Gikai (718)]② An official title established in 1869 ( Meiji 2 ) when the Ministry of Justice was established. There were Grand, Middle, and Minor Judges. It was abolished in 1869. ③ A type of official title for judges. In principle, they are appointed from those who have served as assistant judges, prosecutors, or lawyers for ten years or more, and together with the Chief Justice of the High Court, they form the High Court, and together with the assistant judges, the District Court and Family Court, and they preside over trials. Their term of office is ten years, and they can be reappointed. ※Hanayagi Shunwa (1878-79)〈Translated by Oda Junichiro〉 4 “Appearing in court and having a debate with the judge (Hanji) ”

Refuse - Tsukasa [Judge]

〘 noun 〙 An official of the Ministry of Justice under the Ritsuryo system. A judge of the Ministry of Justice. Together with the Minister of Justice, they review investigations conducted by the Tokibe and determine the punishment. There were Grand Judges, Middle Judges, and Small Judges. Grand Judges had a capacity of two, equivalent to Senior Fifth Rank. Middle Judges had a capacity of four, equivalent to Senior Sixth Rank. Small Judges had a capacity of four, equivalent to Junior Sixth Rank. Grand and Small Judges were also stationed in Dazaifu. Note that there were judges of the Ministry of Justice (prison officials) even before the Taiho Code. An official who exercises authority. Hanji. *Nihon Shoki (720), November 4th year of Saimei (Kitano Honkun ) "On another day, when Prince Arima plotted rebellion with a single judge."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 令制で、四等官の系列外の品官(ほんかん)で、犯罪を審理し、刑名を定めることを任とした官人。刑部省・大宰府に置かれ、刑部省には大判事二人（正五位下相当）・中判事四人（正六位下）・少判事四人（従六位下）、大宰府には大判事一人（従六位下）・少判事一人（正七位上）があった。ことわるのつかさ。〔令義解（718）〕② 明治二年（一八六九）、刑部省設置に伴っておかれた官名。大・中・小判事がある。同八年廃止。③ 裁判官の官名の一種。原則として判事補、検察官、弁護士を一〇年以上務めた者のなかから任命され、高等裁判所長官とともに高等裁判所を、判事補とともに地方裁判所・家庭裁判所を構成して、裁判をつかさどる。任期は一〇年で再任もできる。※花柳春話（1878‐79）〈織田純一郎訳〉四「法廷に出て判事(ハンジ)と問答する」

ことわる‐つかさ【判事】

〘名〙令制の刑部省の職員。刑部省の裁判官。刑部卿と共に解部(ときべ)の行なった調査を審理して刑名を定める。大判事・中判事・少判事があった。大判事は定員二名で、正五位下相当。中判事は定員四名で、正六位下相当。少判事は定員四名で、従六位下相当。また、大宰府にも大・少の判事が置かれていた。なお大宝令以前にも刑部省（刑官）の判事があった。ことことわるつかさ。はんじ。※書紀（720）斉明四年一一月（北野本訓）「他(あたし)日に、有間皇子、一(ひとり)の判事(コトワルツカサ)と、謀反る時に」

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