Kapila - Kapila (English spelling)

Japanese: カピラ - かぴら(英語表記)Kapila
Kapila - Kapila (English spelling)

Date of birth and death unknown. Legend has it that he is the founder of the Sankhya school of Indian philosophy. He taught his teachings to Āsuri, who passed them on to the Pañcaśikha, who spread his teachings. Later works, the Tattva Samasa (8th century?) and the Sankhya Sutra (15th century?), are attributed to him. The Śvetasvatara Upanishad, written around the 3rd century BCE, first mentions Kapila as a Sankhya figure. In the 12th volume of the Mahabharata, written around the 2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD, he is mentioned as a Sankhya master, and is also mentioned as an ascetic who criticizes Vedic rituals (sacrifice) and preaches liberation through knowledge by renunciation. He is also said to be one of the seven sons of Brahma. In the commentary on Devadatta's "Hundred Treatises" by Basukaishi (translated in Chinese in 404), the Samkhya theory is cited as the words of Kabira, and he is identified with Kapila. However, many scholars doubt his existence, and even if he did exist, it would be assumed that there were multiple people involved.

[Makan Murakami May 21, 2018]

[Reference item] | Sānkhya school

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生没年不詳。伝説的にインド六派哲学サーンキヤ学派の開祖とされる。彼は自説をアースリ Āsuriに教え、アースリはパンチャシカPañcaśikhaに伝え、これによって教えが広められたという。後代の作品『タットバ・サマーサ』(8世紀?)と『サーンキヤ・スートラ』(15世紀?)は彼に帰せられる。紀元前3世紀ころの『シュベーターシュバタラ・ウパニシャッド』にはサーンキヤ学派の人物であることを暗示して、カピラの名をあげてあり、それが文献上の最初である。前2世紀から後2世紀ごろの『マハーバーラタ』第12巻には、彼の名はサーンキヤ師として言及され、またベーダの祭式(供犠(くぎ))を批判し、出家遁世(とんせい)によって知による解脱(げだつ)を説く行者としても出ている。梵天(ぼんてん)の七子の一ともいう。提婆(だいば)の『百論』に対する婆藪開士(ばすかいし)の注釈(404年漢訳)には迦毘羅(かびら)の言としてサーンキヤ説が引かれており、カピラに比定される。しかし彼の実在を疑う学者も多く、また実在としても複数の人物を想定することになろう。

[村上真完 2018年5月21日]

[参照項目] | サーンキヤ学派

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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