Originally, the term referred to adaptations and caricatures of authentic works in literature, theater, music, etc., such as parody poems, satirical writings, comic works, and farces, but today it generally refers to popular entertainment such as skits and impersonations inserted between various shows. It can also refer to the entire show, in which case it is difficult to distinguish it from variety shows and vaudeville. Burlesco, derived from the Italian word burla, meaning "prank" or "joke," became the French word burlesque, which was further Anglicized and is called Burleske in German. Its origins can be found in the works of Homer in ancient Greece, but this trend emerged in 16th-century Italy, where writers such as Berni and Caporari were active. It became popular in France from around 1630, when writers known as the Burlesque school, including Scalon and d'Assi, appeared and created the so-called parody style. In England, John Gay, Fielding, and Sheridan appeared, and for a time it was so popular that it surpassed orthodox theater, but it gradually lost its original satirical spirit, and in the 19th century it became simply entertainment theater for the masses, transforming into the style we see today. In America, it is synonymous with nude show, and in Japan it is often used as an alternative to striptease. [Soya Mukai] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
本来は文学、演劇、音楽などにおいて、正統的な作品を改作、戯画化したもので、もじり詩、風刺文、戯作、茶番狂言などをいうが、今日一般には各種のショーの間に挿入されるコントや物真似(まね)など大衆的な演芸を称していう。興行全体をさすこともあり、この場合はバラエティ、ボードビルなどと区別しがたい。「悪ふざけ」「冗談」の意のイタリア語ブルラburlaから発したブルレスコburlescoがフランス語ビュルレスクburlesqueとなり、さらに英語化したもので、ドイツではブルレスケBurleskeという。 その起源は古代ギリシアのホメロスの作品にもみられるが、16世紀のイタリアにこの種の傾向が生まれ、ベルニ、カポラーリらの作家が活躍した。1630年ごろからフランスへ入って流行、スカロン、ダスシらビュルレスク派とよばれる作家たちが登場、いわゆるパロディー形式を生み出した。イギリスでもジョン・ゲイ、フィールディング、シェリダンらが現れ、一時正統演劇をしのぐほどの勢いをみせたが、その後しだいに本来の風刺精神を失い、19世紀に入ると単なる大衆向けの娯楽劇と化し、今日のような形式へと変容した。アメリカでは裸ショーと同義で、わが国でもストリップショーの代替語としてしばしば使われている。 [向井爽也] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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