Rokkaku-shi

Shugo of Omi Province and a feudal lord during the Sengoku period. The direct line of the Omi Genji Sasaki clan. In the mid-Kamakura period, Nobutsuna's third son Yasutsuna built a mansion in Rokkakudo, Kyoto. The fourth son Ujinobu claimed to be of the Kyogoku clan, and the two later feuded over the Sasaki Soryo-shiki and Omi Shugo-shiki, but the Rokkaku clan continued to hold the position hereditary. During the Nanboku-cho period, Ujiyori served Ashikaga Takauji as Shugo, but due to his relationship with Kyogoku Doyo (Sasaki Takauji), he sided with Tadayoshi during the Kanno Disturbance (1349-52), and was succeeded by his younger brother Nobunori (Sadanori) and his son Yoshinobu. He returned to the position in 1354 (Eiwa 3) and held the position until his death in 1370. At that time, his son Mitsutaka was still a child and was looked after by his adopted son Kyogoku Takatsune, but in 1377 (Tenju 3/Eiwa 3), he became the official Shugo and served Shogun Yoshimitsu for nearly 40 years. After that, Mitsutsuna and Mochitsuna, father and son, succeeded him, but in 1445 (Bun'an 2), they were attacked by Mochitsuna's younger brother Tokitsuna and both committed suicide. After that, Hisayori, also a younger brother, succeeded him, but in 1456 (Kōshō 2), he died in a conflict with the Kyogoku clan. His son, Takayori, was still a child during the Onin and Bunmei civil wars (1467-77), fighting with his cousins ​​Masataka and Masanobu, and Kyogoku Mochikiyo and Masataka and their father and son. He also endured two campaigns by Shoguns Yoshihisa and Yoshitane during the Chokyo and Entoku eras (1487-92), and was also involved in a rebellion by the Shugodai Iba clan. However, he overcame these and established the foundation for his role as a Sengoku daimyo (died in 1520). His son, Sadayori, advanced into the central political world by supporting Shogun Yoshiharu, and also completed his control of the territory by organizing his vassals, which led to the heyday of the Rokkaku clan during the Sengoku period. After his death (1552), the clan was succeeded by father and son, Yoshikata (later known as Jotei) and Yoshisuke (later known as Yoshiharu), but it rapidly fell into decline due to oppression by the Azai clan and the Kannonji Incident (1563) in which a senior vassal was assassinated. Shortly after the establishment of the Rokkaku Clan Code of Warring States Law (1567), the clan fell into ruin before Oda Nobunaga ascended to Kyoto.

[Keiichi Miyajima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

近江国(おうみのくに)の守護、戦国大名。近江源氏佐々木氏の嫡流。鎌倉中期、信綱(のぶつな)の三男泰綱(やすつな)が京都六角堂に館(やかた)を構えたことによる。四男氏信(うじのぶ)は京極(きょうごく)氏を称し、その後両者は佐々木惣領職(そうりょうしき)、近江国守護職をめぐり確執するが、六角氏が一貫して世襲した。南北朝期に氏頼(うじより)は足利尊氏(あしかがたかうじ)につき守護となったが、京極導誉(どうよ)（佐々木高氏）との関係で観応(かんのう)の擾乱(じょうらん)（1349～52）に直義(ただよし)方となり、弟信詮(のぶのり)（定詮(さだのり)）や、子義信(よしのぶ)があとを継いだ。その後1354年（永和3）には復し、没年（1370）までその任にあった。このとき子満高(みつたか)は幼少で猶子京極高経(たかつね)が後見したが、1377年（天授3・永和3）正式守護となり、将軍義満(よしみつ)に仕え40年近く活躍した。その後、満綱(みつつな)・持綱(もちつな)父子が継いだが、1445年（文安2）持綱の弟時綱(ときつな)に攻められともに自害した。そのあとは同じく弟久頼(ひさより)が継いだが、1456年（康正2）京極氏との抗争のなかで没した。その子高頼(たかより)は幼少にて応仁(おうにん)・文明(ぶんめい)の内乱期（1467～77）を迎え、従兄弟(いとこ)政堯(まさたか)・政信(まさのぶ)あるいは京極持清(もちきよ)・政高(まさたか)父子らと争い、また長享(ちょうきょう)・延徳(えんとく)年間（1487～92）には将軍義尚(よしひさ)・義稙(よしたね)の二度の討征を受け、さらに守護代伊庭(いば)氏の反乱にあったが、これらを乗り越えて戦国大名への基盤をつくった（1520没）。その子定頼(さだより)は将軍義晴(よしはる)を擁立するなど中央政界に進出し、また家臣団の整備など領国支配を完成して戦国期の六角氏の盛期をつくった。彼の没（1552）後は、義賢(よしかた)（のち承禎(じょうてい)）・義弼(よしすけ)（のち義治(よしはる)）父子が継いだが、浅井氏の圧迫や重臣を暗殺した観音寺(かんのんじ)騒動（1563）などにより急速に衰退し、戦国法の六角氏式目を制定（1567）してまもなく、織田信長の上洛(じょうらく)の前に没落した。

［宮島敬一］

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